What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in positive urine drug test (end of treatment) (Any psychosocial… (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.75, 1.73]
  3 studies · 367 participants
  Moderate

ACT subsidies combined with supportive interventions vs no subsidies

• Subsidising artemisinin‐based combination therapy in the private retail sector 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Very low

Complex information, support and training interventions vs information only

Complex information, support and training interventions probably leads to higher dropouts for any reason compared with information provision only (moderate certainty).

• Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [1.04, 2.2]
  12 studies · 1266 participants
  Moderate

Complex information, support and training interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Complex information, support and training interventions showed no clear difference in dropouts for any reason compared with usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations (low certainty).

• Remotely delivered information, training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.87, 1.53]
  8 studies · 661 participants
  Low

Any cranberry product vs placebo or control

Any cranberry product may leads to lower symptomatic, culture‐verified UTI People with a susceptibility to a… compared with placebo or control (low certainty).

• Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47
  6 studies · 1434 participants
  Low

Any preprocedural mouth rinse vs Placebo, no rinsing or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare… 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No included study assessed acceptability or feasibility.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 2 weeks
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 2 weeks
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intermittent iron supplementation (alone or with any other micronutrients) vs no supplementation or placebo

Intermittent iron supplementation (alone or with any other… showed no clear difference in all‐cause morbidity (the most frequent event associated with the… compared with no supplementation or placebo (low certainty).

• Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.82, 1.52]
  1 study · 119 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of qualitative… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 participants
  Moderate

Dopamine agonist vs other active intervention

• Dopamine agonists for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 170 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dopamine agonist vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether dopamine agonist changes any other adverse events compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

• Dopamine agonists for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.54 [1.49, 13.84]
  2 studies · 264 participants
  Very low

Lamotrigine vs lithium

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lamotrigine vs lithium

Lamotrigine showed no clear difference in withdrawal from treatment due to any reason, 6‐12 months after… compared with lithium (moderate certainty).

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.88, 1.05]
  4 studies · 636 participants
  Moderate

Lamotrigine vs lithium

Lamotrigine probably leads to lower any reported adverse effects 6‐12 months after initiating the… compared with lithium (moderate certainty).

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.51, 0.96]
  4 studies · 691 participants
  Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether lamotrigine changes withdrawal from treatment due to any reason, up to 12 weeks after… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.7, 1.74]
  1 study · 195 participants
  Very low

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Lamotrigine probably leads to lower withdrawal from treatment due to any reason, 6‐12 months after… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Lamotrigine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.99]
  4 studies · 700 participants
  Moderate