Enamel demineralization (QLF ΔF) · Human enamel specimens under cariogenic challenge (in situ / ex vivo)
Evidence on a synergistic effect of combining CO2 laser with fluoride versus fluoride alone is mixed: one ex-vivo study found combined treatment superior while another found no synergy (ungraded, 2 ex-vivo studies, no pooled estimate).
1 finding from 1 review
Pattern of dental service utilisation and barriers · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Dental service use is low, episodic and pain-driven, with widespread self-care and cost/funding barriers; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Utilisation was generally low, episodic and mostly problem/pain-driven (pain-driven visits ~70-99%); widespread self-care/home remedies were used as alternatives to professional care; lack of funds/cost, income, age,…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Frequency of mouth cleaning · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Twice-daily cleaning (recommended) is uncommon; most clean once, in the morning; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth) · Institutionalized orphan children (roughly 3 to 18 years)
Permanent-teeth caries experience (DMF) was marginally higher in institutionalized children but essentially similar to parented children (pooled MD 0.09, not significant; very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral disease burden, slum vs non-slum urban comparison · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Where compared, oral disease burden is generally higher in slums than non-slum urban/national populations (5 studies; 1 found no difference); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
It is very uncertain whether silver diamine fluoride (SDF) changes dental pain or sensitivity compared with restoration (restorative treatment) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children with average age ≤3 years
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among children with average age ≤3 years (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.67-1.10).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.86 [0.67, 1.10]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Reulceration · people with healed venous leg ulcers
The intervention showed no clear difference in reulceration (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Duration of reulceration episodes · people with healed venous leg ulcers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1995 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Proportion of · people with healed venous leg ulcers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1995 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Ulceration on the contralateral leg · people with healed venous leg ulcers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1995 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Noncompliance · people with healed venous leg ulcers
The intervention showed no clear difference in noncompliance (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Comfort · people with healed venous leg ulcers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1995 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Adverse effects · people with healed venous leg ulcers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1995 participants
GRADE not reported
Gastrointestinal adverse events · patients (> 65 years) following hip fracture; patients with a recent stroke
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Protein changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Costs ‐ not reported · patients (> 65 years) following hip fracture; patients with a recent stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · patients (> 65 years) following hip fracture; patients with a recent stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Acceptability of nutritional supplements ‐ not reported · patients (> 65 years) following hip fracture; patients with a recent stroke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical vertebral fractures · postmenopausal women at lower risk of fractures1
Intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day showed no clear difference in clinical vertebral fractures compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 3.03 [0.32, 28.44]
Studies not reported
Low
Wrist fractures · postmenopausal women with a higher risk for fracturesa
It is very uncertain whether intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day changes wrist fractures compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.9 [0.13, 6.04]
Studies not reported
Very low