Cephalic vaginal birth not achieved (CS + breech vaginal birth) (primary) · women with breech presentation before term
External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term leads to lower vaginal cephalic birth not achieved (caesarean section + vaginal… compared with ECV at term (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women with breech presentation before term
External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with ECV at term (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vaginal breech birth · women with breech presentation before term
External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term leads to lower vaginal breech birth compared with ECV at term (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women with breech presentation before term
External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term showed no clear difference in apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with ECV at term (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death of a baby (stillbirth or neonatal death) report of perinatal death · women with breech presentation before term
External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (Stillbirth or neonatal mortality < 7 days) compared with ECV at term (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · women with breech presentation before term
External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term leads to higher preterm birth < 37 weeks compared with ECV at term (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cord pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in cord pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L ‐ ST… compared with CTG alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal encephalopathy ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in neonatal encephalopathy ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fetal blood sampling ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… leads to lower fetal blood sampling ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… leads to lower operative vaginal delivery ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal admission to special care · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal special care unit ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any perinatal death after randomisation · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in perinatal death ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ Low national perinatal mortality rate · women with term breech delivery
The intervention probably leads to lower perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ Low national… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ High national perinatal mortality rate · women with term breech delivery
The intervention showed no clear difference in perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ High… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Birth trauma, as defined by trial authors · women with term breech delivery
The intervention showed no clear difference in birth trauma, as defined by trial authors (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Death or neurodevelopmental delay at age 2 years · women with term breech delivery
The intervention showed no clear difference in death or neurodevelopmental delay at age 2 years (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Caesarean section · women with term breech delivery
The intervention may leads to higher caesarean section (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Short‐term maternal morbidity · women with term breech delivery
The intervention may leads to higher short‐term maternal morbidity (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Any pain after at 3 months · women with term breech delivery
The intervention showed no clear difference in any pain after at 3 months (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review