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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,248 questions in 108 reviews · Stroke
current versionsNo studies 275 · 22%Ungraded 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Iron chelator vs placebo Good neurological outcome (mRS 0 to 2) ( · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 333 participants | Low |
Iron chelator vs placebo Serious adverse events (SAE) · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.57, 1.16] | 1 study · 291 participants | Low |
Iron chelator vs placebo Any deaths within the treatment period · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Iron chelator vs placebo Neurologic impairment scale at baseline and at the end of · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 333 participants | Low |
Iron chelator vs placebo Relative oedema volume · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 333 participants | Low |
Iron chelator vs placebo Quality of life · adults with acute stroke Iron chelators for acute stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Primary outcome measure: mean ADL at the end of the intervention periodMeasures of activities of daily living. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 686 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean lower extremity function at the end of the intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 66 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean muscle strength at the end of the intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Low |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: cognitive abilities at the end of the intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: spatial neglect at the end of the intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths during the intervention periodAdverse events, dropouts and deaths during the intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [0.43, 7.17] | 7 studies · 209 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Primary outcome measure: mean ADL until the end of · patients with improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning at the end of follow‐up, in… Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 269 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean upper extremity function to the end of · patients with improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning at the end of follow‐up, in… Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 211 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: lower extremity function to the end of · patients with improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning at the end of follow‐up, in… Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean muscle strength at the end of · patients with improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning at the end of follow‐up, in… Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 156 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: cognitive abilities at the end of · patients with improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning at the end of follow‐up, in… Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean upper extremity function at the end of the intervention periodClinical measures of upper extremity function. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 24 studies · 792 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: hemispatial neglect at the end of · patients with improving activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning at the end of follow‐up, in… Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Primary outcome measure: mean ADL at the end of · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean upper extremity function to the end of · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: lower extremity function at the end of · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: muscle strength at the end of · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: cognitive abilities at the end of · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: hemispatial neglect at the end of · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean lower extremity function at the end of the intervention period Clinical measures of lower extremity function. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 204 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean muscle strength at the end of the intervention period Clinical measures of muscle strength. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 437 participants | High |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean cognitive abilities at the end of the intervention period Clinical measures of cognitive abilities. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 56 participants | Low |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean hemispatial neglect at the end of intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
tDCS vs any type of placebo or passive control intervention Secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths during the intervention periodNumber of adverse events, dropouts and deaths during the intervention period · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.74, 2.13] | 47 studies · 1330 participants | Moderate |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Primary outcome measure: mean ADL at the end of the intervention periodBarthel Index. Scale from: 0 to 100. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 121 participants | Low |
tDCS vs any type of active control intervention Secondary outcome measure: mean upper extremity function at the end of the intervention periodClinical measures of upper extremity function. Scale from: 0 to infinity. · people with stroke Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving activities of daily living, and physical and… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 124 participants | Low |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Outcomes at ≥ 3 months · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Stroke · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.62, 0.8] | 13 studies · 13637 participants | Moderate |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Vascular death · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.3] | 10 studies · 12831 participants | Moderate |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Myocardial infarction · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.63, 2.99] | 3 studies · 11411 participants | High |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.64, 0.82] | 7 studies · 12932 participants | Moderate |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Intracranial haemorrhage · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.53 [0.76, 3.06] | 5 studies · 11217 participants | Low |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Extracranial haemorrhage · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.08 [1.74, 5.46] | 6 studies · 7586 participants | High |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Ischaemic stroke · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.61, 0.81] | 2 studies · 10051 participants | High |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Stroke · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.66, 0.82] | 14 studies · 16707 participants | Moderate |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Vascular death · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.67, 1.45] | 11 studies · 15901 participants | Moderate |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Myocardial infarction · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.63, 2.99] | 3 studies · 11411 participants | High |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.64, 0.82] | 7 studies · 12932 participants | Moderate |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Intracranial haemorrhage · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.92 [1.05, 3.5] | 6 studies · 14287 participants | Low |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Extracranial haemorrhage · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.14 [1.79, 2.57] | 7 studies · 10658 participants | High |
Multiple vs fewer antiplatelet agents Ischaemic stroke · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.64, 0.83] | 3 studies · 13121 participants | High |
Dual vs one antiplatelet agent Outcomes at ≥ 3 months · preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or TIA Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Independence in ADL post‐intervention · people with stroke Telerehabilitation services for stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 75 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mobility post‐intervention · people with stroke Telerehabilitation services for stroke (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 144 participants | Low |