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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions
No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Specialised cognitive behavioural therapy‐based physiotherapy intervention vs treatment
Reduction in physical signs End of treatment · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Specialised cognitive behavioural therapy‐based physiotherapy intervention vs treatment
Level of functioning As assessed by WSAS scale (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 54 participantsVery low
Specialised cognitive behavioural therapy‐based physiotherapy intervention vs treatment
Quality of life · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Specialised cognitive behavioural therapy‐based physiotherapy intervention vs treatment
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Brief psychotherapeutic intervention vs standard care
Reduction in physical signs As assessed by SDQ‐20 (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2]1 study · 19 participantsVery low
Brief psychotherapeutic intervention vs standard care
Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Brief psychotherapeutic intervention vs standard care
Quality of life As assessed by SF‐36 (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsVery low
Brief psychotherapeutic intervention vs standard care
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Paradoxical intention therapy vs diazepam
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus adjunctive physical activity vs cognitive behavioural therapy alone
Reduction in physical signs (overall physical impact) As measured by PMDRS, total score (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 21 participantsVery low
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus adjunctive physical activity vs cognitive behavioural therapy alone
Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus adjunctive physical activity vs cognitive behavioural therapy alone
Quality of life · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Cognitive behavioural therapy plus adjunctive physical activity vs cognitive behavioural therapy alone
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis vs diazepam
Reduction in physical signs Number with symptom freedom End of treatment · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
RR 0.69 [0.39, 1.24]1 study · 40 participantsVery low
Hypnosis vs diazepam
Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis vs diazepam
Quality of life · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis vs diazepam
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Psychotherapy preceded by motivational interviewing vs psychotherapy alone
Reduction in physical signs Decrease in seizure frequency End of treatment · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 54 participantsVery low
Psychotherapy preceded by motivational interviewing vs psychotherapy alone
Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis plus treatment as usual vs treatment
Reduction in physical signs (Severity of impairment) Measured by the VRMC scale (higher is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 45 participantsVery low
Psychotherapy preceded by motivational interviewing vs psychotherapy alone
Quality of life As measured by QOLIE10 (lower is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 47 participantsVery low
Psychotherapy preceded by motivational interviewing vs psychotherapy alone
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis plus treatment as usual vs treatment
Level of functioning · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis plus treatment as usual vs treatment
Quality of life · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis plus treatment as usual vs treatment
Adverse events · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Hypnosis vs wait list
Reduction in physical signs (Severity of impairment) Measured by the VRMC scale (higher is better) · people with conversion disorder according to DSM‐IV or ICD‐10 criteria
Psychosocial interventions for conversion and dissociative disorders in adults (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 49 participantsLow
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Proportion of individuals with a diagnosis of: PTSD, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom and related disorders · children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms at endpoint · adults exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Depression symptoms at endpoint( · adults exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 258 participantsVery low
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Anxiety symptoms at endpoint( · adults exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 258 participantsVery low
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Dropouts for any reason at endpoint · children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
RR 0.93 [0.78, 1.1]5 studies · 1372 participantsLow
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Adverse events · children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms at endpoint ( · children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 590 participantsVery low
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Depression symptoms at endpoint ( · children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 746 participantsVery low
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Anxiety symptoms at endpoint ( · children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 632 participantsVery low
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Proportion of individuals with a diagnosis of: PTSD, anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom and related disorders · adults exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Dropouts for any reason at endpoint · adults exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
RR 0.96 [0.61, 1.5]2 studies · 767 participantsVery low
Psychosocial interventions vs control
Adverse events · adults exposed to traumatic events;
Psychological and social interventions for the prevention of mental disorders in people living in low‐ and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Depression score Scales: Beck Depression Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire Direction: lower better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 600 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Self‐efficacy score Scale: Generalized Self‐Efficacy Scale Direction: higher better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 346 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Dropouts from treatment · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
OR 1.04 [0.75, 1.44]5 studies · 840 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Anxiety score Scales: Beck Anxiety Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale Direction: lower better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 158 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Post‐traumatic stress disorder Score Scale: Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms— Interview, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Direction: lower better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 484 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Re‐exposure to IPV score Scales: Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, Composite Abuse Scale Direction: lower better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 547 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Safety planning and/or safety behaviour score Service use and activities questionnaire Direction: higher better · women aged 16 years and older who self‐report previous or current experience of intimate partner violence
Psychological therapies for women who experience intimate partner violence (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 337 participantsLow
CBT vs waitlist
Remission of primary anxiety diagnosis post‐treatment (ITT) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2020) · Cochrane
OR 5.45 [3.9, 7.6]39 studies · 2697 participantsModerate
CBT vs treatment
Acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment assessment) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2020) · Cochrane
OR 1.37 [0.73, 2.56]8 studies · 441 participantsLow
CBT vs treatment
Remission of all anxiety diagnoses post‐treatment (ITT) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2020) · Cochrane
OR 2.74 [1.16, 6.46]5 studies · 203 participantsLow
CBT vs treatment
Reduction in anxiety symptoms (child report) post‐treatment · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted6 studies · 214 participantsLow
CBT vs treatment
Reduction in anxiety symptoms (parent report) post‐treatment · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted7 studies · 228 participantsLow