Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Vitamin C vs placebo

Adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting urticaria (hives) Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K vs control

Uncarboxylated osteocalcin: change in carboxylation of osteocalcin (% Glu‐OC) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

VITAMIN E showed no clear difference in tardive dyskinesia: 1. Not improved to a clinically important extent compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

VITAMIN E may leads to lower tardive dyskinesia: 3. Deterioration of symptoms compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo

Adverse effect: any · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether VITAMIN E changes adverse effect: any compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether VITAMIN E changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review