Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

364 questions · 388 findings · 28 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 15 · 3.9%GRADE not reported 20 · 5.2%Very low 133 · 34.3%Low 161 · 41.5%Moderate 58 · 14.9%High 1 · 0.3%

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 1256 participants
Very low

EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether EMDR changes leaving study early for any reason compared with trauma‐focused CBT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.74, 1.35]
8 studies · 400 participants
Very low

EMDR vs non‐TFCBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 53 participants
Very low

EMDR vs non‐TFCBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether EMDR changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with non‐TFCBT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.37, 2.88]
3 studies · 84 participants
Very low

Non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 106 participants
Very low

Non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether non‐TFCBT changes leaving the study early due to any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [0.7, 5.48]
5 studies · 141 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 185 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether group TFCBT changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.94, 1.55]
7 studies · 573 participants
Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [1.3, 2.06]
33 studies · 1756 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs non‐TFCBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 325 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs non‐TFCBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 360 participants
Very low

Group non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 47 participants
Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 267 participants
Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with non‐TFCBT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.71, 2]
7 studies · 312 participants
Very low

EMDR vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 183 participants
Very low

EMDR vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether EMDR changes leaving study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.62, 1.79]
7 studies · 227 participants
Very low

EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 327 participants
Very low

BT vs CBT

Depression severity · patients with depression

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 529 participants
Moderate

BT vs CBT

Leaving the study early · patients with depression

BT showed no clear difference in dropouts for any reason compared with CBT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.46 [0.68, 3.14]
11 studies · 363 participants
Moderate

BT vs CBT

Response · patients with depression

BT showed no clear difference in response compared with CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.83, 1.05]
15 studies · 544 participants
Low