Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

Ranked among the 5,000 newest matching findings; add words or filters to narrow the search.

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB

Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) vs high‐dose ARB

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.03, 0.5]
2 studies · 69 participants
Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.88 [0.43, 144.81]
2 studies · 69 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.25 [0.09, 0.69]
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.07 [0, 1.25]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes chronic lung disease compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.03 [0.8, 5.2]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.2]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.38, 2.72]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.4, 1.13]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [1, 2.65]
4 studies · 103 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Postnatal growth failure · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether early (less than seven days following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.6 [0.23, 90.84]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Enhanced educational intervention and structured follow‐up vs standard education

Time to occurrence of new ulcer · s

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patient and lay carer education for preventing pressure ulceration in at‐risk populations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Enhanced educational intervention and structured follow‐up vs standard education

Proportion of participants developing a new ulcer · s

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patient and lay carer education for preventing pressure ulceration in at‐risk populations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) plus spironolactone vs high‐dose ARB plus spironolactone

All‐cause death · people with diabetes and kidney disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found