Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,432 questions · 1,467 findings · 116 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 232 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 202 · 13.8%Very low 286 · 19.5%Low 327 · 22.3%Moderate 286 · 19.5%High 134 · 9.1%

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Overall withdrawals · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in overall withdrawals compared with beta2‐agonists alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral antioxidant combination vs control

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Urologic symptom scores · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in urologic symptom scoreMeasured by IPSS scores (range 0 to 35)Higher… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse eventsCumulative incidence · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse eventsCumulative incidence compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review