Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,036 questions · 1,100 findings · 261 reviews

No studies found 160 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 188 · 17.1%Very low 270 · 24.5%Low 303 · 27.5%Moderate 139 · 12.6%High 40 · 3.6%

Intervention not reported

Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Information gathering about patient perspectives/concerns Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Specific communication techniques Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

The intervention may leads to lower specific communication techniques Different scales used by different… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Early active flexion plus controlled passive exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa
2 findings from 1 review

Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa
2 findings from 1 review

Active exercise regimen vs an immobilisation regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patient satisfaction Art of Medicine Questionnaire AMQ (range 0 to 5) Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire DTSQ (range not reported) Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care questionnaire (PACIC) Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Provid...
1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs PUVA

Investigator Global Assessment · atopic eczema

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB changes investigator Global Assessment compared with PUVA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

UVA1 vs PUVA

Investigator Global Assessment ‐ not measured · atopic eczema

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs placebo

Investigator Global Assessment · atopic eczema

Summary of findings table ‐ NB‐UVB may leads to higher investigator Global Assessment (short‐term) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NB‐UVB vs UVA1

Investigator Global Assessment ‐ not measured · atopic eczema

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs placebo

Common infections measured by clinical assessment over 28 months · primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Rituximab as 'first choice' showed no clear difference in common infections measured by clinical assessment over 28 months compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review