Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

Patching vs active observation

Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Stereoacuity at near Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity, measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years

Bilateral lateral rectus recession showed no clear difference in stereoacuity at near Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity, measured… compared with unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone

Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Motor alignment at distance Change in exotropia control at near fixation, measured from baseline to 3 years using the prism and alternate cover test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years

Bilateral lateral rectus recession showed no clear difference in motor alignment at distance Change in exotropia control at near… compared with unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency (children aged 6–18 years) · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

The intervention showed no clear difference in ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency (children aged 6–18 years) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added may leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and… compared with wheat flour (no added iron) with the same other micronutrients added (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortified with iron in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added)

Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

It is very uncertain whether iron‐fortified wheat flour with other micronutrients added changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and… compared with unfortified wheat flour (no micronutrients added) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for patients aged 65 years or older · healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings

It is very uncertain whether pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods changes quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for… compared with existing payment methods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of lower deciduous canines vs No active treatment (control)

Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether extraction of lower deciduous canines changes amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding, change) at 1-2 years compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pull headgear vs Minor interceptive procedures (control)

Lower incisors to mandible (relationship of lower front teeth to the mandible) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Cervical pull headgear showed no clear difference in lower incisors to mandible at 2 years compared with minor interceptive procedures (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 24-month recall

Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with risk-based recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical examination with 24-month recall vs Clinical examination with 6-month recall

Periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)

Clinical examination with 24-month recall showed no clear difference in periodontal disease: gingival bleeding (percentage of sites) compared with clinical examination with 6-month recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review