Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,018 questions · 3,100 findings · 369 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 774 · 25%GRADE not reported 108 · 3.5%Very low 727 · 23.5%Low 840 · 27.1%Moderate 474 · 15.3%High 177 · 5.7%

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with laser/cryotherapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP by 55 weeks' PMA · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with… may leads to lower recurrence of ROP by 55 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ complete retinal detachment (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes structural outcome ‐ complete retinal detachment (unit of analysis:… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may leads to lower refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy showed no clear difference in mortality before discharge from primary hospital compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Mortality at 30 months of age · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy showed no clear difference in mortality at 30 months of age compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP (up to 6 months of age) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes recurrence of ROP (up to 6 months of age) compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes recurrence of ROP (unit of analysis: eyes) compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Mortality (calculated instead of overall survival) · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in mortality (instead of overall survival) compared with chemotherapy only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Mortality, relapse and progresses (instead of disease‐ or relapse‐free survival) · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in mortality, relapse and progresses (instead of disease‐ or… compared with chemotherapy only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

On‐study mortality · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in on‐study mortality compared with chemotherapy only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Severe adverse effects (grade 3+): Infection · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in infection grade III/IV compared with chemotherapy only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Grade 3 to 4 diarrhoea · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

It is very uncertain whether ATRA in addition to chemotherapy changes diarrhoea grade III/IV compared with chemotherapy only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Toxicity: grade 3 or 4 nausea ± vomiting · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

It is very uncertain whether ATRA in addition to chemotherapy changes nausea/vomiting grade III/IV compared with chemotherapy only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Cardiac toxicity grade III/IV · adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (non‐acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL))

It is very uncertain whether ATRA in addition to chemotherapy changes cardiac toxicity grade III/IV compared with chemotherapy only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone

Brain tumour response rates: complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) combinedNo. of participants: 847(6 RCTs)

Pembrolizumab probably leads to higher response rate (partial and complete response) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review