What do systematic reviews say?

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy

No significant difference in chronic herpes simplex infection between ART regimens (very low certainty).

• Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Oral Health among Children Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2022 All outcomes

  Hospitals and AIDS outpatient centres in India, Brazil, and several Asian countries
  No significant difference in chronic herpes simplex infection between CLWH on cART and those on monotherapy or dual therapy (no numeric estimate reported in the text); 1 study(ies).
  1 study
  Very low

Prefabricated zirconia crowns (e.g., NuSmile, Zirkiz, Kinder Krown) vs Other crowns/restorations (stainless steel crowns, pre-veneered SSC, resin composite strip crowns, glass-fiber composite crowns)

Zirconia crowns showed no significant difference in crown retention versus other restorations at 6 months (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.11; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated).

• Zirconia Crowns for Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. 2022 All outcomes

  6 months · Pediatric dental clinical settings
  RR 1.02 [0.94, 1.11]
  3 studies · 201 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Zirconia Crowns for Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. 2022 All outcomes

  12 months · Pediatric dental clinical settings
  RR 1.00 [0.94, 1.05]
  3 studies · 156 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2022 All outcomes

  CL/P vs no CL/P; Table 4 (1 group/1 study, Dahllof 1989)
  Mean dfs (SD) CL/P 7 (SD 8.5) vs no CL/P 3.9 (SD 5.1)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Primary school-based interventions (one or more of: school health policy, oral health education, healthy school environment, access to oral health services, community involvement) vs usual practice

Among children aged 5-8 years, net increment in DMFT was not significantly reduced (SMD -0.36); no significant subgroup difference by age.

• Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income… 2022 All outcomes

  Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer) · Primary schools in low- and middle-income countries (Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, eastern Mediterranean) · Age 5-8 years
  SMD -0.36 [-0.76, 0.04]
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income… 2022 All outcomes

  Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer) · Primary schools in low- and middle-income countries (Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, eastern Mediterranean)
  SMD -0.34 [-0.69, 0.02]
  5 studies · 5492 participants
  Very low
• Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income… 2022 All outcomes

  Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer) · Primary schools in low- and middle-income countries (Southeast Asia, Africa, the Americas, Europe, eastern Mediterranean) · Age 9-12 years
  SMD -0.20 [-0.44, 0.04]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding

NRCF showed no significant association with overweight/obesity across the reported comparisons (very low certainty).

• Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other Non-Communicable… 2022 All outcomes

  15–20 months · Outpatient · observational
  No significant association for all comparisons for documented exposures of at least 6 months; 4 observational studies; Very low certainty.
  4 studies
  Very low

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

No difference in oral hairy leukoplakia between groups (pooled OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.06 to 16.19); lesion essentially absent in both.

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  OR 1.00 [0.06, 16.19]
  2 studies · 217 participants
  GRADE not reported

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting showed no clear difference in death from all causes within 30 days of surgery compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.45 [0.13, 1.59]
  3 studies · 655 participants
  Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting may leads to lower stroke‐related death within 30 days of surgery (best‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.13 [0.02, 0.96]
  3 studies · 655 participants
  Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting showed no clear difference in stroke‐related death within 30 days of surgery (worst‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.05, 2.62]
  3 studies · 655 participants
  Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting showed no clear difference in any stroke during surgery (best‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.42 [0.16, 1.07]
  3 studies · 655 participants
  Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting showed no clear difference in any stroke during surgery (worst‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.32 [0.52, 3.38]
  3 studies · 655 participants
  Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting may leads to lower any stroke within 24 hours of surgery compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.15 [0.03, 0.78]
  2 studies · 214 participants
  Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Shunting showed no clear difference in any stroke within 30 days of surgery compared with no shunting (low certainty).

• Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.77 [0.35, 1.69]
  3 studies · 655 participants
  Low

Mifepristone (600 mg) plus prostaglandin vs mifepristone (200 mg) plus prostaglandin

Mifepristone (600 mg) plus prostaglandin showed no clear difference in failure to achieve complete abortion compared with mifepristone (200 mg) plus prostaglandin (moderate certainty).

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.87, 1.33]
  4 studies · 3494 participants
  Moderate

Self‐administered medical abortion vs administered

Medical abortion self‐administered at home showed no clear difference in nausea compared with administered (low certainty).

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.74, 1.61]
  3 studies · 1532 participants
  Low

Self‐administered medical abortion vs administered

Medical abortion self‐administered at home showed no clear difference in women's dissatisfaction with the procedure compared with administered (low certainty).

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [0.95, 2.8]
  4 studies · 2155 participants
  Low

Self‐administered medical abortion vs administered

It is very uncertain whether medical abortion self‐administered at home changes blood transfusion compared with administered (very low certainty).

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.18]
  1 study · 731 participants
  Very low

Medical abortion administered by nurses vs by doctors

Medical abortion administered by nurses may leads to higher failure to achieve complete abortion compared with by doctors (low certainty).

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.69 [1.39, 5.22]
  3 studies · 3056 participants
  Low

Medical abortion administered by nurses vs by doctors

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Medical abortion administered by nurses vs by doctors

It is very uncertain whether medical abortion administered by nurses changes women's dissatisfaction with the procedure compared with by doctors (very low certainty).

• Medical methods for first trimester abortion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.7 [0.16, 44.49]
  2 studies · 1988 participants
  Very low