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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Evolocumab vs ezetimibe and statins Myocardial infarction · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.23, 1.85] | 3 studies · 5003 participants | Very low |
Evolocumab vs ezetimibe and statins Any stroke · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3899 participants | Ungraded |
Alirocumab vs placebo All‐cause mortality · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.72, 0.96] | 12 studies · 24797 participants | High |
Alirocumab vs placebo Myocardial infarction · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.79, 0.94] | 9 studies · 23352 participants | High |
Alirocumab vs placebo Any stroke · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.58, 0.91] | 8 studies · 22835 participants | High |
Evolocumab vs placebo CVD · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.78, 0.91] | 3 studies · 29432 participants | High |
Evolocumab vs placebo All‐cause mortality · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.91, 1.19] | 3 studies · 29432 participants | High |
Evolocumab vs placebo Myocardial infarction · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.64, 0.82] | 3 studies · 29432 participants | High |
Evolocumab vs placebo Any stroke · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.79 [0.65, 0.94] | 2 studies · 28531 participants | High |
Alirocumab vs ezetimibe and statins CVD · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.37 [0.65, 2.87] | 3 studies · 1379 participants | Low |
mHealth education intervention vs usual care Heart failure knowledge Analysis 1.1 · Adults with heart failure mHealth education interventions in heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 411 participants | Low |
mHealth education intervention vs usual care Heart failure self‐efficacy Analysis 1.2 · Adults with heart failure mHealth education interventions in heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
mHealth education intervention vs usual care Heart failure self‐care Analysis 1.3 · Adults with heart failure mHealth education interventions in heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | MD 9.9 | 3 studies · 411 participants | Very low |
mHealth education intervention vs usual care Adverse events · Adults with heart failure mHealth education interventions in heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
mHealth education intervention vs usual care Health‐related quality of life Analysis 1.4 · Adults with heart failure mHealth education interventions in heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 942 participants | Very low |
mHealth education intervention vs usual care Heart failure‐related hospitalisations Analysis 1.5 · Adults with heart failure mHealth education interventions in heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.52, 1.06] | 3 studies · 894 participants | Low |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump 30‐day survival · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.76, 1.35] | 5 studies · 162 participants | Very low |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump Quality of life · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump MACE · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 122 participants | Very low |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump Dialysis‐dependent · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump Length of stay (hospital) · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump Length of stay (ICU) · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Mechanical assist devices vs intra‐aortic balloon pump Major adverse events · people with acute cardiogenic shock Mechanical assist devices for acute cardiogenic shock (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 122 participants | Very low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Mortality from cardiovascular causes ( · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11] | 3 studies · 17676 participants | Moderate |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Time to first hospitalisation for heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Number of days spent in hospital due to heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Rate of serious adverse events · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Exercise capacity · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 305 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Economic costs · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Mortality from cardiovascular causes · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 178 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Quality of life · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 179 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Time to first hospitalisation for heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Number of days spent in hospital due to heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Rate of serious adverse events · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 179 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Quality of life · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2102 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Exercise capacity · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 179 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Economic costs · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Mortality from cardiovascular causes ( · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Quality of life · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Time to first hospitalisation for heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Number of days spent in hospital due to heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Rate of serious adverse events · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Exercise capacity · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 171 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Economic costs · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Time to first hospitalisation for heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Number of days spent in hospital due to heart failure during · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Rate of serious adverse events · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.92, 1] | 2 studies · 17399 participants | Moderate |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Exercise capacity · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 158 participants | Low |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Economic costs · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6558 participants | High |
Usual care with ivabradine vs placebo, usual care, or no treatment Mortality from cardiovascular causes ( · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) Ivabradine as adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |