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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Self‐directed stress management (it is unclear whether these interventions replaced standard treatment or were added to standard treatment) vs standard treatment Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enteric‐release glyceryl trinitrate vs placebo Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enteric‐release glyceryl trinitrate vs placebo Abdominal pain frequency or change in frequency · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet Pain frequency IBD (measured in days with moderate or severe pain on the GSRS questionnaire) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Enteric‐release glyceryl trinitrate vs placebo Abdominal pain intensity or change in intensity · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enteric‐release glyceryl trinitrate vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.18 [0.94, 10.76] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
100 mg olorinab 3 times/day vs 25 mg olorinab 3 times/day Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
100 mg olorinab 3 times/day vs 25 mg olorinab 3 times/day Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
100 mg olorinab 3 times/day vs 25 mg olorinab 3 times/day Pain intensity (30% reduction in weekly AAPS) · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.38, 1.15] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
100 mg olorinab 3 times/day vs 25 mg olorinab 3 times/day Withdrawal due to adverse events · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Relaxation training vs waitlist Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation training vs waitlist Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation training vs waitlist Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Relaxation training vs waitlist Withdrawals due to adverse effects · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet Pain frequency CD (measured in days of pain on the IBS‐SSS questionnaire) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Web‐based education vs standard book‐based education Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based education vs standard book‐based education Abdominal pain frequency or change in frequency · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Web‐based education vs standard book‐based education Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Web‐based education vs standard book‐based education Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Yoga intervention vs no treatment (both groups received standard medical therapy) Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no treatment (both groups received standard medical therapy) Abdominal pain frequency or change in frequency · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no treatment (both groups received standard medical therapy) Abdominal pain intensity or change in intensity · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no treatment (both groups received standard medical therapy) Withdrawal due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs sham stimulation Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs sham stimulation Abdominal pain frequency or change in frequency · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet Pain intensity IBD (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 82 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs sham stimulation Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs sham stimulation Withdrawal due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Kefir ( Lactobacillus bacteria) vs no intervention Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Kefir ( Lactobacillus bacteria) vs no intervention Abdominal pain frequency or change in frequency · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Kefir ( Lactobacillus bacteria) vs no intervention Pain intensity IBD (4‐point rating scale from 0 to 3) Â · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Kefir ( Lactobacillus bacteria) vs no intervention Pain intensity CD (4‐point rating scale from 0 to 3) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Kefir ( Lactobacillus bacteria) vs no intervention Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet Pain intensity IBD (0‐3 point GSRS scale) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet Pain intensity CD (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Low FODMAP diet vs sham diet Withdrawal due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.85 [0.18, 19.19] | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Medicine‐separated moxibustion combined with acupuncture vs wheat bran‐separated moxibustion combined with shallow acupuncture Treatment success as defined by the authors · people with Crohn's disease Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low FODMAPs diet vs sham diet Treatment success as defined by the authors · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation training vs wait‐list Withdrawals due to adverse events · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no intervention Treatment success as defined by the authors · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no intervention Pain frequency · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no intervention Pain intensity · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga intervention vs no intervention Withdrawal due to adverse events · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.22] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Yoga intervention vs no intervention State anxiety (20‐item State Anxiety Inventory, results range between 20 and 80) · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Yoga intervention vs no intervention Trait anxiety (20‐item Trait Anxiety Inventory, results range between 20 and 80) · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Kefir vs no intervention Treatment success as defined by the authors · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Kefir vs no intervention Pain frequency · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Kefir vs no intervention Pain intensity (measure on a 0‐3 four‐point scale) · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Low FODMAPs diet vs sham diet Pain frequency (measured in days of pain on the IBS‐SSS questionnaire) · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Kefir vs no intervention Withdrawals due to adverse events · UC patients Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in ulcerative colitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |