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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Stereoacuity at near · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Stereoacuity at distance Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Stereoacuity at near Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity, measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.71] | 1 study · 163 participants | Low |
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using the PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Stereoacuity at near · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using the PACT at 1 year · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.66 | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Motor fusion test Measured using the synoptophore and Titmus fly test at 1 year · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.48, 1.74] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Stereoacuity at distance · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Motor alignment at distance Change in exotropia control at near fixation, measured from baseline to 3 years using the prism and alternate cover test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | MD 2 | 1 study · 163 participants | Moderate |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | RR 7.36 [0.39, 140.65] | 1 study · 197 participants | Low |
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 163 participants | Low |
Patching vs active observation Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 511 participants | High |
Patching vs active observation Stereoacuity at near Measured using the Preschool Randot, Titmus fly, and Titmus circles tests at 40 cm at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0 | 1 study · 324 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Progression of visual field loss (worsening of one or more stages, accordingto the Glaucoma Staging System‐2) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.35 [0.13, 0.91] | NR | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 91 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Gonioscopic findings (Spaeth grading system) (at 12 months or later) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 91 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Gonioscopic findings (TISA500) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 91 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Gonioscopic findings (TISA750) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 91 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Visual acuity (log MAR units) (postoperatively) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 91 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Adverse effects (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Quality of life measures · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Progression of visual field loss · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Mean IOP change from baseline (mmHg) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 32 participants | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 32 participants | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Mean IOP change from baseline to 12 months (mmHg) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Gonioscopic findings (Anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters) (at 6 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 64 participants | Ungraded |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Visual acuity (log MAR units) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Adverse effects (at 6 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis Quality of life measures · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Progression of visual field loss (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Mean IOP change from baseline to 12 months (mmHg) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 63 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 63 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Gonioscopic findings · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Mean best corrected visual acuity (on Snellen chart) (at final · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 63 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Adverse effects (up to 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.34, 1.04] | 63 participants | Low |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy Quality of life measures (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Gonioscopic findings (Degree of angle closure) (at 12 months or later) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Visual acuity (ETDRS letter chart) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Adverse effects · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy Quality of life measures(measured on the EQ‐5D; higher = better) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty Progression of visual field loss · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |