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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision

current versions
No studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Stereoacuity at near · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Stereoacuity at distance Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Stereoacuity at near Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity, measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.71]1 study · 163 participantsLow
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone
Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 5 to 49 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using the PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Stereoacuity at near · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Motor alignment at distance fixation Measured using the PACT at 1 year · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
MD 0.661 study · 60 participantsLow
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Motor fusion test Measured using the synoptophore and Titmus fly test at 1 year · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.92 [0.48, 1.74]1 study · 60 participantsVery low
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection
Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged over 6 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Stereoacuity at distance · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Motor alignment at distance Change in exotropia control at near fixation, measured from baseline to 3 years using the prism and alternate cover test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
MD 21 study · 163 participantsModerate
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Motor fusion test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Minor adverse events Defined as any adverse event within 8 weeks of surgery that does not require further intervention · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
RR 7.36 [0.39, 140.65]1 study · 197 participantsLow
Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection
Quality of life measures Measured at 3 years using the IXTQ scores for children, parents, or parent proxies (i.e. parents' perception of their children's quality of life). Scores could range from 0 (worst quality of life) to 100 (best quality of l... · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 163 participantsLow
Patching vs active observation
Motor alignment at near fixation Measured using PACT at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 511 participantsHigh
Patching vs active observation
Stereoacuity at near Measured using the Preschool Randot, Titmus fly, and Titmus circles tests at 40 cm at 6 months · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years
Interventions for intermittent exotropia (2021) · Cochrane
MD 01 study · 324 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Progression of visual field loss (worsening of one or more stages, accordingto the Glaucoma Staging System‐2) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
OR 0.35 [0.13, 0.91]NRModerate
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted91 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Gonioscopic findings (Spaeth grading system) (at 12 months or later) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted91 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Gonioscopic findings (TISA500) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted91 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Gonioscopic findings (TISA750) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted91 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Visual acuity (log MAR units) (postoperatively) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted91 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Adverse effects (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Quality of life measures · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Progression of visual field loss · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Mean IOP change from baseline (mmHg) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted32 participantsModerate
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted32 participantsModerate
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Mean IOP change from baseline to 12 months (mmHg) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Gonioscopic findings (Anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters) (at 6 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted64 participantsUngraded
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Visual acuity (log MAR units) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Adverse effects (at 6 months) · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus goniosynechialysis
Quality of life measures · participants with primary angle closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Progression of visual field loss (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Mean IOP change from baseline to 12 months (mmHg) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted63 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted63 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Gonioscopic findings · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Mean best corrected visual acuity (on Snellen chart) (at final · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted63 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Adverse effects (up to 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.59 [0.34, 1.04]63 participantsLow
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Mean number of medications to control IOP (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus trabeculectomy
Quality of life measures (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Gonioscopic findings (Degree of angle closure) (at 12 months or later) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Visual acuity (ETDRS letter chart) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Adverse effects · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy
Quality of life measures(measured on the EQ‐5D; higher = better) (at 12 months) · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification plus viscogonioplasty
Progression of visual field loss · participants with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Lens extraction for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies