Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

Any field or review title

Field or topic

Source

Review versions

1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement

current versions

No studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Reminiscence therapy vs no treatment Community: communication and interaction at end of treatment · people living with dementia (setting) Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 65 participants	Moderate
Reminiscence Therapy vs no treatment Cognition at end of treatment · people living with dementia Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	14 studies · 1219 participants	High
Reminiscence Therapy vs no treatment Communication and Interaction at end of treatment · people living with dementia Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 249 participants	Low
Reminiscence Therapy vs no treatment Functional behaviour at end of treatment · people living with dementia Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 1030 participants	Very low
Reminiscence Therapy vs no treatment Agitation/irritability at end of treatment · people living with dementia Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 359 participants	Moderate
Reminiscence Therapy vs no treatment Depressed mood at end of treatment · people living with dementia Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	10 studies · 973 participants	High
Reminiscence Therapy vs no treatment Stress related to caring (caregiver) · people living with dementia Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 1155 participants	Moderate
Reminiscence therapy vs no treatment Individual: quality of life (self‐reported) at end of treatment · people living with dementia (modality) Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 23 participants	Low
Reminiscence therapy vs no treatment Individual: cognition at end of treatment · people living with dementia (modality) Reminiscence therapy for dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 196 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Cognitive function (change from baseline at 26 weeks using ADAS‐Cog) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1130 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 23 mg/day vs donepezil 10 mg/day Cognitive function (change from baseline at 24 weeks using MMSE) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1370 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 23 mg/day vs donepezil 10 mg/day Activities of daily living (change from baseline at 24 weeks using the ADCS‐ADL‐sev) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 1396 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 23 mg/day vs donepezil 10 mg/day Clinician‐rated global impression test (improved compared with baseline assessed using CIBIC‐plus at 24 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 0.99 [0.78, 1.26]	2 studies · 1704 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 23 mg/day vs donepezil 10 mg/day Acceptability of treatment (as measured by withdrawals from trial before end of treatment at 24 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 2.02 [1.59, 2.57]	2 studies · 1818 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 23 mg/day vs donepezil 10 mg/day Incidence of adverse events (at least one adverse event by 24 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.65 [1.34, 2.03]	2 studies · 1785 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs donepezil 5 mg/day Cognitive function (change from baseline at 24 weeks using ADAS‐Cog) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 818 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs donepezil 5 mg/day Cognitive function (change from baseline at 24 weeks using MMSE) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 303 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs donepezil 5 mg/day Clinician‐rated global impression test (improved compared with baseline assessed using CIBIC‐plus at 24 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.26 [0.94, 1.67]	3 studies · 981 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs donepezil 5 mg/day Acceptability of treatment (as measured by withdrawals from trial before end of treatment at 24 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.67 [1.24, 2.23]	3 studies · 1052 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs donepezil 5 mg/day Incidence of adverse events (at least one adverse event by 24 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.56 [1.07, 2.28]	2 studies · 741 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Cognitive function (change from baseline at 26 weeks using MMSE) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 1757 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Cognitive function (change from baseline at 26 weeks using MMSE) · people with severe Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1102 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Cognitive function (change from baseline at 24 weeks using SIB) · people with severe Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 1348 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Clinician‐rated global impression tests (improved compared with baseline, measured using CIBIC‐Plus at 24 weeks) · people with severe Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.78 [1.31, 2.43]	3 studies · 755 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Activities of daily living (change from baseline at 24 weeks using the ADCS‐ADL‐sev) · people with severe Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 733 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Acceptability of treatment (as measured by withdrawals from trial before end of treatment at 24 weeks) · people with severe Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.32 [1.02, 1.71]	5 studies · 1396 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Incidence of adverse events (at least one adverse event by 24 weeks) · people with severe Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.59 [1.23, 2.05]	5 studies · 1396 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Activities of daily living (change from baseline at 26 weeks measured using the ADCS) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 733 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Clinician‐rated global impression tests (improved compared with baseline, measured using CIBIC‐plus at 24‐26 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.92 [1.54, 2.39]	6 studies · 1674 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Behavioural symptoms (change from baseline at 26 weeks measured using the NPI) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1035 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Acceptability of treatment (as measured by withdrawals from trial before end of treatment at 26 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.25 [1.05, 1.5]	12 studies · 2846 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Incidence of adverse events (at least one adverse event by 26 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	OR 1.59 [1.31, 1.95]	10 studies · 2500 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo Quality of life of participants (change from baseline at 26 weeks) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 815 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 23 mg/day vs donepezil 10 mg/day Cognitive function (change from baseline at 24 weeks using SIB) · people with Alzheimer's disease Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1704 participants	Moderate
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Outcomes (end of treatment) · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Emotional well‐being including quality of life · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 180 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Mood disturbance or negative affect: depression · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 354 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Mood disturbance or negative affect: anxiety · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 265 participants	Very low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Behavioural problems: agitation or aggression · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 330 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Behavioural problems: overall · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 351 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Social behaviour: music vs other activities · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 48 participants	Very low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Cognition · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 193 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Emotional well‐being including quality of life · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	9 studies · 348 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Mood disturbance or negative affect: depression · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 503 participants	Moderate
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Mood disturbance or negative affect: anxiety · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	13 studies · 478 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Behavioural problems: agitation or aggression · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	14 studies · 626 participants	Moderate
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Behavioural problems: overall · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	10 studies · 442 participants	Moderate
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Social behaviour: music vs other activities · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 70 participants	Very low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Cognition · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	7 studies · 350 participants	Low
Music‐based therapeutic interventions vs usual care or other activities Outcomes (long‐term) · people with dementia (all resided in institutional settings) Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies