What do systematic reviews say?

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume showed no clear difference in mortality compared with high tidal volume (low certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.42, 1.53]
  12 studies · 1207 participants
  Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower pneumonia compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.25, 0.82]
  7 studies · 778 participants
  Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative non‐invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.15, 0.64]
  3 studies · 506 participants
  Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.14, 0.77]
  11 studies · 957 participants
  Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 898 participants
  Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1298 participants
  Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

It is very uncertain whether low tidal volume changes barotrauma: pneumothorax compared with high tidal volume (very low certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.77 [0.52, 5.99]
  5 studies · 708 participants
  Very low

Bonded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion) vs Banded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion)

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 weeks after completion of expansion
  Bonded Minne 1.6 mm (SD 0.5) vs Banded Minne 1.2 mm (SD 0.3); P=NS
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Bonded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion) vs Banded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion)

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 to 15 weeks after start of treatment
  Bonded Minne 6.4 mm (SD 1.1) vs Banded Minne 5.3 mm (SD 1.9); P=NS
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Bonded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion) vs Banded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion)

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 weeks after completion of expansion
  Bonded Minne 2.3 mm (SD 0.8) vs Banded Minne 2.5 mm (SD 0.6); P=NS
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Bonded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion) vs Banded Minne appliance (slow maxillary expansion)

• Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 to 15 weeks after start of treatment
  Bonded Minne 7.9 mm (SD 1.5) vs Banded Minne 8.3 mm (SD 1.1); P=NS
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions changes incidence of ORN compared with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G) following… (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  RR 0.18 [0.43, 0.76]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Adverse effects were an outcome of interest in the study conducting this comparison, however no mention was made of the presence or absence of any adverse events
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Data collection location and method: telephone follow‐up vs postal questionnaire

It is very uncertain whether data collection location and method: telephone follow‐up changes retention [ compared with postal questionnaire (very low certainty).

• Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.94, 1.17]
  2 studies · 1006 participants
  Very low

Swallowing therapy vs placebo

Swallowing therapy showed no clear difference in death or dependency at end of trial compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.63, 1.75]
  2 studies · 306 participants
  Moderate

Swallowing therapy vs placebo

Swallowing therapy showed no clear difference in case fatality at end of trial compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.66, 1.52]
  14 studies · 766 participants
  Moderate

Swallowing therapy vs placebo

• Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 577 participants
  Moderate

Swallowing therapy vs placebo

Swallowing therapy may leads to lower proportion of participants with dysphagia at end of trial compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.42 [0.32, 0.55]
  23 studies · 1487 participants
  Low

Swallowing therapy vs placebo

• Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 303 participants
  Low

Swallowing therapy vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether swallowing therapy changes adverse event: chest infection or pneumonia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.34 [0.17, 0.71]
  10 studies · 676 participants
  Very low