Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

415 questions · 425 findings · 30 reviews · Public Health

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No studies found 91 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 24 · 5.6%Very low 89 · 20.9%Low 114 · 26.8%Moderate 85 · 20%High 22 · 5.2%

Summary of findings: unconditional cash transfer vs no intervention

Stunting · children (0 to 17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) or households

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐level interventions for improving access to food in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4713 participants
Low

Summary of findings: unconditional cash transfer vs no intervention

Wasting · children (0 to 17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) or households

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐level interventions for improving access to food in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 6396 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: unconditional cash transfer vs no intervention

Cognitive function and development · children (0 to 17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) or households

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐level interventions for improving access to food in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 10813 participants
High

Conditional cash transfers vs no intervention

Prevalence of undernourishment · children (0 to 17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) or households

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐level interventions for improving access to food in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Conditional cash transfers vs no intervention

Proportion of household expenditure on food · children (0 to 17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) or households

1 finding from 1 review

Community‐level interventions for improving access to food in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 4760 participants
High

Economic tools vs no or alternative intervention: impact on SSB intake

Taxation of SSB

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and their effects on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Salt intake in grams per day ‐ all eligible studies that provided sufficient data for quantitative analysis of overall impact (n = 10 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 64798 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Salt intake in grams per day ‐ subset of initiatives that are multi‐component and incorporate activities of a structural nature (n = 7 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 34227 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Salt intake in grams per day ‐ women only (n = 9 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 27184 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Salt intake in grams per day ‐ men only (n = 9 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 22977 participants
Very low

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) · general population over 2 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 318 participants
Low

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age

It is very uncertain whether staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients changes subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.52, 0.98]
2 studies · 318 participants
Very low

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

All‐cause mortality · general population over 2 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

All‐cause morbidity · general population over 2 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · general population over 2 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Maize flour or maize flour products fortified with folic acid alone vs no intervention

Erythrocyte concentrations · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Maize flour or maize flour products fortified with folic acid alone vs no intervention

Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Diet quality · children aged six months to six years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes diet quality (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.34
6 studies · 1973 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Fruit consumption · children aged six months to six years

The intervention showed no clear difference in fruit consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.11
11 studies · 2901 participants
Moderate