Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Remifentanil (PCA) vs epidural/CSE

Low Apgar score · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) showed no clear difference in apgar score ≤ 7 (< 7) at 5 min compared with epidural/CSE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [0.62, 2.57]
5 studies · 1322 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 53 participants
Very low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Caesarean section · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Maternal apnoea · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) may leads to lower maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) compared with remifentanil (continuous IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98
2 studies · 135 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs remifentanil (continuous IV)

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) probably leads to lower additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) compared with another opioid (IV/IM) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.4, 0.81]
3 studies · 190 participants
Moderate

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Reduction in pain intensity · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Caesarean section · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Maternal apnoea · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA, increasing bolus dose) vs remifentanil (PCA, increasing infusion dose)

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Caesarean section · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

Remifentanil (PCA) showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean delivery compared with another opioid (IV/IM) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.3, 1.32]
4 studies · 215 participants
Low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Maternal apnoea · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Maternal respiratory depression (< 8 breaths/min) · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Remifentanil (PCA) vs another opioid (IV/IM)

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in labour with planned vaginal delivery

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low