What do systematic reviews say?

Bispectral index vs BIS‐blinded anaesthesia/clinical judgement

• Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2057 participants
  Moderate

A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care

• Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1920 participants
  Moderate

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Any antipsychotic showed no clear difference in number of participants using cocaine during the treatment (as… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.65, 1.62]
  2 studies · 91 participants
  Low

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (water or glucose water) vs exclusive breastfeeding

• Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Non‐exclusive breastfeeding (foods) vs exclusive breastfeeding

• Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full‐term infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 119 participants
  Low

Comparison between rooming‐in vs separate care

• Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 participants
  High

Comparison between rooming‐in vs separate care

Comparison between rooming‐in may leads to higher exclusive breastfeeding at day 4 postpartum compared with separate care (low certainty).

• Rooming‐in for new mother and infant versus separate care for increasing the duration of breastfeeding 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.92 [1.34, 2.76]
  1 study · 153 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in 28‐Day mortality (low certainty).

• Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.74, 1.01]
  5 studies · 1450 participants
  Low

Cycled light (CL) vs irregular dimmed light or near darkness (ND)

• Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 77 participants
  Low

Cycled light (CL) vs continuous bright light (CBL)

• Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 79 participants
  Low

Cycled light (CL) vs continuous bright light (CBL)

• Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 41 participants
  Low

Xylitol vs control

• Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in clinical healing ‐ Time to clinical fracture consolidation (days) (moderate certainty).

• Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 101 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of work (days) (moderate certainty).

• Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 1.95
  1 study · 101 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Heated insufflation with or without humidification for laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 991 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Heated insufflation with or without humidification for laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 670 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Heated insufflation with or without humidification for laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 171 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Heated insufflation with or without humidification for laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 150 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Heated insufflation with or without humidification for laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 695 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Heated insufflation with or without humidification for laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 442 participants
  Low