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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,801 questions · 4,079 findings · 473 reviews

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No studies found 669 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 852 · 20.9%Very low 738 · 18.1%Low 903 · 22.1%Moderate 716 · 17.6%High 201 · 4.9%

Vegetarian diet (any diet excluding all meat, poultry and fish) vs Nonvegetarian diet

Dental caries measures other than pooled DMFT (DMFS, decayed/filled surfaces and teeth, root caries, nonvisible lesions, white spots) · General population (children and adults) assessed for dental hard-tissue health

Evidence on other dental-caries measures was inconsistent: some indices (decayed surfaces/teeth, root caries, white spots) were higher in vegetarians while some studies found lower caries in vegetarian children (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review. 2020 All outcomes
    Multiple countries (mostly India; also Finland and other European countries, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago); community and clinical settings
    Eleven studies reported dental caries using 11 definitions; four (DMFT) were meta-analysed (see O2). Narrative findings were inconsistent: DMFS results were mixed; decayed surfaces and decayed teeth and percentages of…
    Studies not reported
    GRADE not reported

Resin-based fissure sealant (visible-light-polymerized) vs Fluoride varnish

Incidence of dentinal carious lesion on treated occlusal surfaces of molars or premolars (yes/no) · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

It is very uncertain whether resin-based fissure sealant (visible-light-polymerized) changes incidence of dentinal carious lesion on treated occlusal surfaces of… compared with fluoride varnish (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Resin-modified glass ionomer fissure sealant plus oral health education vs Fluoride varnish plus oral health education

Change in DMF increment on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

Resin-modified glass ionomer fissure sealant plus oral health… showed no clear difference in change in DMF increment on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars compared with fluoride varnish plus oral health education; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant vs Fluoride varnish

Change in DMFT (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) increment · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

Resin-based fissure sealant led to lower change in DMFT (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) increment compared with fluoride varnish; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant vs Fluoride varnish

Number of visits to the dentist for repair of sealant or fluoride varnish application · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

Resin-based fissure sealant led to higher number of visits to the dentist for repair of sealant or fluoride… compared with fluoride varnish; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Glass ionomer or resin-modified glass ionomer fissure sealant vs Fluoride varnish

Dentine caries in permanent molars (24 months) · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)
1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish vs Fluoride varnish

Dentine caries in permanent molars (24 months) · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

It is very uncertain whether resin-based fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish changes dentine caries in permanent molars (yes/no) compared with fluoride varnish alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant vs Fluoride varnish

Change in DMFS (decayed, missing and filled permanent surfaces) increment · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

Resin-based fissure sealant led to lower change in DMFS (decayed, missing and filled permanent surfaces)… compared with fluoride varnish; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-based fissure sealant vs Fluoride varnish

Dentine caries in permanent molars (24 months) · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

It is very uncertain whether resin-based fissure sealant changes dentine caries in permanent molars (yes/no) compared with fluoride varnish (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Annual decline in percentage of caries-free participants (permanent dentition, D3) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

For low baseline caries experience, the annual decline in caries-free participants ranged 4.3% to 10.2% (9 studies; ungraded).

4 findings from 1 review
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: low
    4.3% to 10.2%
    9 studies · 4811 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations)
    0.8% to 10.2%
    18 studies · 12017 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: high
    0.8% to 2.2%
    2 studies · 5029 participants
    GRADE not reported
Show 1 more finding
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Annual (studies with >=3 y follow-up) · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: moderate
    3.7% to 8.3%
    4 studies · 928 participants
    GRADE not reported

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Annual increment in DMFT (permanent dentition) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

In the permanent dentition, the annual DMFT increment ranged from 0.06 to 0.73 across 14 studies, and was higher where baseline caries experience was higher (descriptive range; ungraded).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per year of follow-up · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: moderate
    0.24 to 0.73
    6 studies · 16705 participants
    GRADE not reported

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Caries development in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

In the permanent dentition, the annual DMFS increment ranged from 0.07 to 1.77 across 26 studies, and was higher where baseline caries experience was higher (descriptive range; ungraded).

4 findings from 1 review
Show 1 more finding
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per year of follow-up · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations) · Baseline caries experience: low
    0.07 to 0.53
    8 studies · 3735 participants
    GRADE not reported

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Dental caries: dmfs increment (primary teeth) · Children (primary dentition, d3), Western or comparable populations

In the primary dentition, the annual dmfs increment ranged from -1.0 to 1.0 across 7 studies; values were inconsistent because of tooth exfoliation and could not be pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Annual decline in percentage of caries-free children (primary dentition, d3) · Children (primary dentition, d3), Western or comparable populations

In the primary dentition, the annual decline in the percentage of caries-free children ranged from 3.8% to 12.2% across 6 studies (descriptive range, no pooled estimate; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Longitudinal follow-up over time (natural caries progression; no assigned intervention) vs Within-cohort change from baseline to follow-up (>=3 y)

Caries incidence rate (first D3 lesion) per person-year at risk (permanent dentition) · Children and adolescents (permanent dentition, D3, up to 21 y), Western or comparable populations

In the permanent dentition, the pooled caries incidence rate was 0.11 per person-year at risk (95% CI 0.09 to 0.13; random-effects meta-analysis of 15 studies), i.e., about 11 of every 100 caries-free persons develop dentine caries each year (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per person-year at risk · Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand (or comparable Western populations)
    Incidence rate (per person-year at risk) 0.11 [0.09, 0.13]
    15 studies · 10768 participants
    GRADE not reported

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in treatment response at 52 weeks: complete remission (primary outcome… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Partial remission ( · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in treatment response at 52 weeks: partial remission (primary outcome 3) compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial remission (primary outcome 1, 2, 3) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review