Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Telemedicine vs usual care

Postnatal depression · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Telemedicine vs usual care

Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Telemedicine vs usual care

Perinatal mortality · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 131 participants
Very low

Telemedicine vs usual care

Large‐for‐gestational age · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

It is very uncertain whether telemedicine changes large‐for‐gestational age compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes during pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.41 [0.76, 2.64]
3 studies · 228 participants
Very low

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Any perinatal death after randomisation · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (after randomisation) compared with fetal growth (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.32, 2.41]
1 study · 1052 participants
Low

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Neonatal mortality · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with fetal growth (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.29, 3.46]
1 study · 1052 participants
Low

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Gestational age at birth (weeks) · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in gestational age at birth (weeks) compared with fetal growth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.1
1 study · 526 participants
Moderate

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Caesarean section · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in caesarean section (any) compared with fetal growth (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.81, 1.23]
1 study · 526 participants
High

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Induction of labour · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with fetal growth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.8, 1.5]
1 study · 526 participants
Moderate

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Number of antenatal hospital admissions · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in antenatal admission to hospital compared with fetal growth (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.8, 1.15]
1 study · 526 participants
High

Assessment vs direct admission

Length of labour (hours) · healthy pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 209 participants
Low

Home support vs telephone triage

Instrumental vaginal birth · healthy pregnant women

Home support showed no clear difference in rate of instrumental vaginal birth compared with telephone triage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.79, 1.15]
2 studies · 4933 participants
Low

Home support vs telephone triage

Serious maternal morbidity · healthy pregnant women

Home support showed no clear difference in serious maternal morbidity compared with telephone triage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.61, 1.42]
1 study · 3474 participants
Low

Home support vs telephone triage

Use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia · healthy pregnant women

Home support showed no clear difference in use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with telephone triage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.87, 1.05]
3 studies · 5168 participants
Low

Home support vs telephone triage

Neonatal admission to special care · healthy pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether home support changes neonatal admission to special care compared with telephone triage (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.5, 1.42]
3 studies · 5170 participants
Very low

Home support vs telephone triage

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · healthy pregnant women

Home support showed no clear difference in apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with telephone triage (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.71, 1.99]
3 studies · 5170 participants
Low

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

Length of labour (hours) · healthy pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

Rate of caesarean section · healthy pregnant women

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean section compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.02]
1 study · 4996 participants
High

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

Instrumental vaginal birth · healthy pregnant women

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in rate of instrumental vaginal birth compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.08]
1 study · 4996 participants
High