Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

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No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

Adverse events · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Rabeprazole at higher doses (1 mg/kg) vs rabeprazole at lower doses (0.5 mg/kg)

pH indices ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Improvement in symptoms · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Adverse events · GORD in children over 1 year of age

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Improvement in pH indices ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pantoprazole in higher doses (1.2 mg/kg) vs pantoprazole at lower doses (0.3 mg/kg)

Endoscopic metrics ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

Summary of findings – zinc probably leads to higher BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.15 [0.11, 0.19]
1 study · 37 participants
Moderate

Zinc vs placebo

BMD Z score (lumbar spine) · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

Summary of findings – zinc probably leads to higher BMD Z score (lumbar spine) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.15 [0.1, 0.2]
1 study · 37 participants
Moderate

Zinc vs placebo

BMD Z score (wrist) · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Incidence of fractures · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Mobility · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Quality of life · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Adverse effects of treatment · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

Summary of findings – denosumab showed no clear difference in BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.05
1 study · 63 participants
Low

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

BMD Z score (lumbar spine) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

Summary of findings – denosumab showed no clear difference in BMD Z score (lumbar spine) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Low

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

BMD Z score (wrist) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

Summary of findings – denosumab showed no clear difference in BMD Z score (wrist) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Low

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

Incidence of fractures · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

Mobility · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

Quality of life · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found