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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,696 questions · 3,815 findings · 855 reviews

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No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 374 · 9.8%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

Mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) · people with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

It is very uncertain whether high‐frequency oscillation changes mortality (at 30 days or until hospital discharge) compared with conventional ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC probably leads to lower symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC leads to lower symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding‐ clinically relevant non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review