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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) Cure · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.4, 0.85] | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) Adverse events · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 5.5 [0.33, 91.44] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) Congestive heart failure · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) Septic embolism · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment Cure4 · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) Need for cardiac surgical interventions · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (cloxacillin) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) Uncontrolled infection · people with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus in drug abusers A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) Cure · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.44, 1.1] | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) Adverse events · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.15, 2.24] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) Congestive heart failure · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) Septic embolism · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) Need for cardiac surgical interventions · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.75 [0.65, 4.67] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) plus aminoglycoside (gentamicin) vs beta‐lactam (ceftriaxone) Uncontrolled infection · people with infective endocarditis due to penicillin‐susceptible streptococci A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.06, 14.88] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 7 [0.47, 103.27] | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment Adverse events4 · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin Cure · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.07, 3.55] | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin Adverse events · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.25, 4] | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin Congestive heart failure · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 9 [0.64, 126.85] | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin Septic embolism · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin Need for cardiac surgical interventions · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.28, 14.2] | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Fosfomycin plus imipenem vs vancomycin Uncontrolled infection · people with infective endocarditis due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.31] | 1 study · 400 participants | Very low |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia Cure · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia Adverse events · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.36, 1.87] | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia Congestive heart failure · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.05] | 1 study · 400 participants | Very low |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment Congestive heart failure4 · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia Need for cardiac surgicalinterventions · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.32, 3.02] | 1 study · 400 participants | Very low |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia Septic embolism · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.2, 4.85] | 1 study · 400 participants | Very low |
Partial oral treatment vs conventional intravenous treatment of endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) and bacteraemia Uncontrolled infection · people with endocarditis on the left side of the heart (on native or prosthetic valves) with bacteraemia for… A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment Septic embolism4 · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment Need for cardiac surgical interventions4 · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment Uncontrolled infection4 · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) Cure · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.42, 1.89] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk All‐cause mortality · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03] | 12 studies · 55858 participants | Moderate |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk Cardiovascular mortality · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.13] | 11 studies · 53421 participants | Moderate |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk Combined cardiovascular events · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98] | 13 studies · 53758 participants | Moderate |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk Myocardial infarctions · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01] | 11 studies · 53167 participants | Very low |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk Non‐fatal MI · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.07] | 8 studies · 52834 participants | Low |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk Stroke · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.68, 1.25] | 7 studies · 50952 participants | Very low |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk CHD mortality · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.82, 1.16] | 9 studies · 53159 participants | Low |
Effect of reducing saturated fat vs usual saturated fat on CVD risk CHD events · people at any baseline risk of CVD Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.68, 1.01] | 11 studies · 53199 participants | Very low |
Alirocumab vs placebo CVD · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.8, 0.94] | 10 studies · 23868 participants | High |
Alirocumab vs ezetimibe and statins All‐cause mortality · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.18, 1.4] | 5 studies · 1733 participants | Low |
Alirocumab vs ezetimibe and statins Myocardial infarction · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.45 [0.64, 3.28] | 5 studies · 1734 participants | Low |
Alirocumab vs ezetimibe and statins Any stroke · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.13, 5.61] | 5 studies · 1734 participants | Low |
Evolocumab vs ezetimibe and statins CVD · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.14, 3.04] | 1 study · 218 participants | Very low |
Evolocumab vs ezetimibe and statins All‐cause mortality · people at high risk of CVD (history of CVD or high LDL‐C despite treatment) PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.14, 1.3] | 3 studies · 5223 participants | Very low |