Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

241 questions · 264 findings · 24 reviews

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No studies found 84 · 31.8%GRADE not reported 5 · 1.9%Very low 83 · 31.4%Low 64 · 24.2%Moderate 21 · 8%High 7 · 2.7%

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (measured 1 day after delivery)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Satisfied with mode of administration (PCA IM)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured post delivery (rated as good)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score measured during labour (after 30 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score measured during labour (after 60 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (number of women satisfied or very satisfied after 30 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (described as good or fair after 1 hour)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Additional analgesia required

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Breathlessness: change from baseline1 · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 194 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 7 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 338 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5 ‐ total distance · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5‐ change from baseline · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 26 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: constipation · adults with refractory breathlessness

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: constipation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3 [1.63, 5.51]
9 studies · 162 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: nausea and vomiting · adults with refractory breathlessness

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: nausea and vomiting (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.73 [1.73, 12.97]
7 studies · 104 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: drowsiness · adults with refractory breathlessness

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: drowsiness (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.86 [1.17, 7.02]
9 studies · 156 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life7 · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Very low

Transmucosal fentanyl vs placebo

PID change at 15 min

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the management of breakthrough pain in cancer patients 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1076 participants
High