Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

360 questions · 382 findings · 30 reviews · Airways

No studies found 50 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 40 · 10.5%Very low 64 · 16.8%Low 104 · 27.2%Moderate 97 · 25.4%High 27 · 7.1%

Single component intervention vs control

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing exacerbations compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence to medication · COPD

Multi‐component intervention may leads to higher adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · COPD

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes exacerbations ‐ number of people experiencing one or more  compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review