Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

412 questions · 464 findings · 104 reviews

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No studies found 44 · 9.5%GRADE not reported 84 · 18.1%Very low 165 · 35.6%Low 113 · 24.4%Moderate 41 · 8.8%High 17 · 3.7%

Non‐pharmacological treatment vs placebo

– Support of the mother‐infant dyad · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 14 participants
Very low

Non‐pharmacological treatment vs placebo

Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Patient-used 5000 ppm F toothpaste, daily vs 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste

Number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Patient-used 5000 ppm F toothpaste, daily throughout treatment showed no clear difference in number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with 1450 ppm F (conventional) toothpaste, daily (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluorides for preventing early tooth decay (demineralised lesions) during fixed brace treatment 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
At debond; follow-up 1.8 years
RR 0.68 [0.46, 1.00]
1 study · 380 participants
Low

Chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP vs BMP alone

Mortality ‐ early and intermediate · people requiring treatment for chronic DVT

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 224 participants
Very low

Chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP vs BMP plus placebo

Recurrent VTE · people requiring treatment for chronic DVT

Chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP may leads to lower recurrent VTE ‐ early, intermediate and long term compared with BMP plus placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.43, 0.96]
4 studies · 901 participants
Low

Acute DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP vs BMP alone

Mortality ‐ early and intermediate · people requiring treatment for acute DVT

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 500 participants
Very low

Chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP vs BMP alone

Recurrent VTE ‐ early and intermediate · people requiring treatment for chronic DVT

It is very uncertain whether chronic DVT ‐ antiplatelet agents plus BMP changes recurrent VTE ‐ early and intermediate compared with BMP alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.05, 0.34]
1 study · 224 participants
Very low

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Failed Treatment · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

LMWH prophylaxis vs UFH

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: LMWH changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with UFH (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.54]
2 studies · 226 participants
Very low

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis: UFH vs no treatment

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · women with varicose veins before birth, having a caesarean (elective or emergency) or vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · women giving birth by elective or emergency caesarean (elective only (1 trial), emergency or elective (4 trials))

1 finding from 1 review

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 140 participants
Very low

Surgery for Bell's palsy vs medical treatment (oral prednisolone) or no treatment

Complications and side effects · Bell's palsy

It is very uncertain whether surgery for Bell's palsy changes side effects and complications of treatmentMeasured by clinical… compared with medical treatment (oral prednisolone) or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for the early management of Bell's palsy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 57 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs treatment

Depression remission · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants changes depression remission (early phase, < 5 weeks) compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.31 [1.5, 3.54]
Studies not reported
Very low

Antidepressants vs treatment

Depression severity ‐ mean EPDS score (early phase, < 5 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane

Treatment adherence (defined as dose delay) ( · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer

Taxane followed by anthracyclines showed no clear difference in treatment adherence (defined as dose delay) ( compared with anthracyclines followed by taxane (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.52, 1.12]
3 studies · 238 participants
Moderate

Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane

Treatment adherence (defined as dose reduction) ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer

Taxane followed by anthracyclines showed no clear difference in treatment adherence (defined as dose reduction) ( compared with anthracyclines followed by taxane (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.59, 1.11]
1 study · 280 participants
Moderate

Escalated BEACOPP vs chemotherapy including ABVD

Adverse event: treatment‐related mortality · Patients with early unfavourable or advanced stage HL

Escalated BEACOPP showed no clear difference in adverse event: treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy including ABVD (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of first‐line chemotherapy including escalated BEACOPP versus chemotherapy including ABVD for people with… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.15 [0.93, 4.95]
4 studies · 2700 participants
Low

High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue

Treatment‐related mortality · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer

High‐dose chemotherapy leads to higher treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy for… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.97 [3.99, 15.92]
14 studies · 5600 participants
High

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Early onset GBS disease (sepsis and/or meningitis within the first seven days of life)) · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes early onset GBS disease (sepsis and/or meningitis within the first… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.32 [0.34, 15.63]
2 studies · 987 participants
Very low

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal mortality due to early‐onset GBS infection · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 190 participants
GRADE not reported