Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,667 questions · 21,760 findings · 2,177 reviews

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No studies found 4,173 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2,300 · 10.6%Very low 5,276 · 24.2%Low 5,764 · 26.5%Moderate 3,298 · 15.2%High 949 · 4.4%

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Synbiotic vs prebiotic

Death · adult patients after liver transplantation.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 129 participants
Very low

Mask vs prongs

Treatment failure · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Mask may leads to lower treatment failure compared with prongs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.58, 0.9]
8 studies · 919 participants
Low

Mask vs prongs

All‐cause mortality · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Mask showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with prongs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.56, 1.22]
7 studies · 814 participants
Low

Mask vs prongs

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mask vs prongs

Pneumothorax · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Mask showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with prongs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.45, 1.93]
5 studies · 625 participants
Low

Mask vs prongs

Moderate‐severe nasal injury · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Mask may leads to lower moderate–severe nasal injury compared with prongs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.44, 0.71]
10 studies · 1058 participants
Low

Mask vs prongs

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

It is very uncertain whether mask changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with prongs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Masks versus prongs as interfaces for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.46, 1.03]
7 studies · 843 participants
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

All‐cause death · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

It is very uncertain whether scaling and root planing (SRP) plus antibiotics (amoxicillin and… changes all-cause death compared with supragingival scaling (plus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
Peto OR 7.48 [0.15, 376.98]
1 study · 165 participants
Very low

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Adverse effects of antibiotics · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects of antibiotics | No data reported | 248 (1 study) | - | -
0 studies
No studies found

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Cost implications of antibiotic provision · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
The study did not provide any data on mortality, adverse events requiring hospitalisation, adverse effects of antibiotics or cost implications of treatment.
0 studies
No studies found

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

CRP (mg/dL) at end of study · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
beta coefficient -0.002 [-0.19, 0.20]
1 study
Very low

Amoxicillin + metronidazole + SRP vs Supragingival scaling (plus placebo)

Fibrinogen · People with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome (no CVD; primary prevention)

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
beta coefficient 10.9 [-12.0, 33.8]
1 study
Very low

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Development of endocarditis (in those with definite indication for prophylaxis) · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure changes development of endocarditis (in those with definite indication for… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
within 180 days · Definite indication for prophylaxis
OR 1.62 [0.57, 4.57]
1 study · 248 participants
Very low

Brush biopsy (oral cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Sensitivity 0.90 [0.82, 0.94]
20 studies
Moderate

Blood and saliva analysis (biomarker tests) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Outcome not reported · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
No eligible studies assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of blood and saliva analysis; potentially eligible biomarker studies were excluded as case-control designs.
0 studies
No studies found

Light-based detection and/or oral spectroscopy (e.g. ViziLite, VELscope, Microlux DL, Identafi 3000) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.50 [0.32, 0.68]
23 studies
Very low

Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.68 [0.58, 0.77]
20 studies
Very low

Vital staining (e.g. toluidine blue, tolonium chloride) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Sensitivity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Sensitivity 0.86 [0.79, 0.90]
20 studies
Low

Combined index tests (e.g. vital staining plus light-based detection or cytology) vs Surgical or punch biopsy with histological assessment

Specificity · Adults (aged 16 years or over) presenting to primary or secondary care with clinically evident suspicious or innocuous oral lesions

1 finding from 1 review

Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Specificity 0.71 [0.53, 0.84]
9 studies
Very low

Zinc vs no zinc supplementation

Stillbirth · Pregnant women (healthy and probable zinc deficiency)

Zinc supplementation showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with no zinc (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [0.8, 1.88]
7 studies · 3295 participants
Low