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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Nifurtimox vs placebo Adverse events (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benznidazole vs placebo Clearance of parasitaemia demonstrated by negative xenodiagnosis, blood culture, and/or molecular assays (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | OR 31.66 [10.56, 94.97] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Benznidazole vs placebo Pathological demonstration of tissue parasites (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benznidazole vs placebo Clinical improvement (N) (a) Heart failure (b) Sustained ventricular tachycardia · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.69, 1.14] | 1 study · 2854 participants | Low |
Benznidazole vs placebo Quality of life · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benznidazole vs placebo Adverse events (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.52 [2.09, 3.03] | 1 study · 2854 participants | Moderate |
Nifurtimox vs placebo Clearance or reduction of antibody titres (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | RR 16.89 [2.44, 116.85] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Nifurtimox vs placebo Clearance of parasitaemia demonstrated by negative xenodiagnosis, blood culture, and/or molecular assays (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nifurtimox vs placebo Pathological demonstration of tissue parasites (N) · adults with both late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease and CCC Trypanocidal drugs for late‐stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo or no treatment Event‐free survival (risk of death, cardiac transplant, or left ventricular assist device) ‐ adults with myocarditis, median · adults with acute myocarditis Intravenous immunoglobulin for presumed viral myocarditis in children and adults (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [0.48, 6.4] | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo or no treatment Overall survival (risk of death) ‐ adults with myocarditis, median · adults with acute myocarditis Intravenous immunoglobulin for presumed viral myocarditis in children and adults (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.23, 3.62] | 2 studies · 103 participants | Very low |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo or no treatment Side effects ‐ mild infusion effects, 12‐month · adults with acute myocarditis Intravenous immunoglobulin for presumed viral myocarditis in children and adults (2020) · Cochrane | RR 20.29 [1.25, 329.93] | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo or no treatment Overall survival (risk of death) ‐ children with myocarditis, 6‐month · children with acute myocarditis Intravenous immunoglobulin for presumed viral myocarditis in children and adults (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.2, 1.15] | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Child‐feeding interventions vs no intervention Child vegetable intake Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 2140 participants | Low |
Child nutrition education interventions vs no intervention Child fruit and vegetable intake Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Low |
Child nutrition education interventions vs no intervention Cost or cost effectiveness Not reported · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Child nutrition education interventions vs no intervention Unintended adverse events Not reported · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Child‐feeding interventions vs no intervention Cost effectiveness Short‐term impact (< 12 months) Not reported · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Child‐feeding interventions vs no intervention Unintended adverse events Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Parent nutrition education interventions vs no intervention Child fruit and vegetable intake Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 3050 participants | Very low |
Parent nutrition education interventions vs no intervention Cost effectiveness Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 389 participants | Very low |
Parent nutrition education interventions vs no intervention Unintended adverse events Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 343 participants | Very low |
Multicomponent interventions vs no intervention Child fruit and vegetable intake Short‐term impact (< 12 months) · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 2961 participants | Moderate |
Multicomponent interventions vs no intervention Cost effectiveness Short‐term impact (< 12 months) Not reported · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent interventions vs no intervention Unintended adverse events Short‐term impact (< 12 months) Not reported · children aged five years and under Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levosimendan vs dobutamine All‐cause short‐term mortality: range 15 to 31 days · people with cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.36, 1.03] | 4 studies · 1701 participants | Low |
Dopexamine vs dopamine All‐cause long‐term mortality · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Milrinone vs dobutamine All‐cause mortality · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enoximone vs dobutamine All‐cause short‐term mortality: 1 month · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.01, 4.11] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Enoximone vs dobutamine All‐cause long‐term mortality · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Epinephrine vs norepinephrine All‐cause short‐term mortality: 28 days · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.81 [0.89, 3.68] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Epinephrine vs norepinephrine All‐cause long‐term mortality: 60 days · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.78, 2.56] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Dopamine‐milrinone vs dopamine‐dobutamine All‐cause short‐term mortality: at intensive care unit · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.34, 2.93] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Dopamine‐milrinone vs dopamine‐dobutamine All‐cause long‐term mortality · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enoximone vs piroximone All‐cause mortality · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enoximone vs epinephrine‐nitroglycerine All‐cause mortality · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levosimendan vs dobutamine All‐cause long‐term mortality: range 4 to 12 months · people with cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.63, 1.13] | 4 studies · 1591 participants | Low |
Levosimendan vs placebo All‐cause short‐term mortality: 1 month · adults with cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Levosimendan vs placebo All‐cause long‐term mortality: range 4 to 6 months · adults with cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.16, 1.9] | 2 studies · 55 participants | Very low |
Levosimendan vs enoximone All‐cause short‐term mortality: 30 days · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.22, 1.14] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Levosimendan vs enoximone All‐cause long‐term mortality · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Epinephrine vs norepinephrine‐dobutamine All‐cause short‐term mortality: 28 days · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.41, 3.77] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Epinephrine vs norepinephrine‐dobutamine All‐cause long‐term mortality · adults with cardiogenic shock Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dopexamine vs dopamine All‐cause short‐term mortality: time in hospital · adults with low cardiac output syndrome Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Levofloxacin vs standard treatment All‐cause mortality during hospital stay and all‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.49, 2.56] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) Adverse events1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) Congestive heart failure1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) Septic embolism1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) Need for cardiac surgical interventions1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus antistaphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin, or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) Uncontrolled infection1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of infective endocarditis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |