Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis available] · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
NEC ≥ stage II · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes NEC ≥ stage II compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm infants
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in any necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in death prior to hospital discharge compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death or NEC · preterm infants
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in death or NEC compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
NEC‐related surgery during study period · preterm infants
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in surgery for NEC compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal sepsis · preterm infants
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Culture‐proven sepsis with probiotic organism · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Feeding with more than 50% breast milk (days) · preterm infants
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(14 trials; 649 participants) · people with non‐alcohol‐related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(5 trials; 243 participants) · people with non‐alcohol‐related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(5 trials; 243 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.67 [0.3, 1.46]
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(15 trials; 763 participants) · people with non‐alcohol‐related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(6 trials; 318 participants) · people with non‐alcohol‐related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(6 trials; 296 participants) · people with non‐alcohol‐related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics(5 trials; 289 participants) · people with non‐alcohol‐related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Probiotics (2 RCTs; 105 participants) · surgically induced remission in Crohn's disease
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes probiotics (2 RCTs; 105 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Probiotics (3 RCTs; 108 participants) · surgically induced remission in Crohn's disease
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes probiotics (3 RCTs; 108 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Selective bowel decontamination versus prebiotics with probiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation
2 findings from 1 review
Prebiotics with probiotics versus prebiotics · people undergoing liver transplantation
2 findings from 1 review
Mortality ‐ Prebiotics and probiotics versus none · patients undergoing liver resections
1 finding from 1 review