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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

320 questions · 324 findings · 38 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 110 · 34%GRADE not reported 20 · 6.2%Very low 80 · 24.7%Low 58 · 17.9%Moderate 53 · 16.4%High 3 · 0.9%

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Skill acquisition Mean inhaler technique score (%), higher score indicates better technique. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Health outcome (Number who had a medical complication of pelvic inflammatory disease) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention showed no clear difference in health outcome (Number who had a medical complication of pelvic… compared with co‐intervention alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Medication side effects Mean adverse self‐medication behaviour score (lower scores indicate safer self‐medication behaviour). Scale from: 0 to 40. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers
1 finding from 1 review

Action plan vs usual care

Hospitalisations for COPD/100 patient‐years (action plan + phone · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Action plan showed no clear difference in hospitalisations for COPD/100 patient‐years (action plan + phone compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Action plan vs usual care

Hospitalisations and emergency visits for COPD/100 patient‐years (action plan + phone · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Action plan leads to lower hospitalisations and emergency visits for COPD/100 patient‐years… compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary care physician alerting system vs primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed intervention (education and reminder to see their primary care physician)

Bone mineral density · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system showed no clear difference in bone mineral density1 compared with primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary care physician alerting system vs primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed intervention (education and reminder to see their primary care physician)

Medication2 · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system showed no clear difference in medication2 compared with primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SPECIALISED TEAM vs usual care

Social outcomes: 2. Not working or in education ‐ by 5 years · people with psychosis

SPECIALISED TEAM showed no clear difference in social outcomes: 2. Not working or in education ‐ by 5 years compared with STANDARD CARE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review