Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

214 questions · 223 findings · 5 reviews · Pain control and patient management

No studies found 113 · 50.7%GRADE not reported 30 · 13.5%Very low 47 · 21.1%Low 26 · 11.7%Moderate 7 · 3.1%High 0 · 0%

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects: pain following injection, Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine may leads to higher duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

Duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) compared with 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) vs Local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

It is very uncertain whether topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) changes pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative ibuprofen vs placebo

Postoperative pain (continuous measure: self report using visual analogue scale) · Children and adolescents having orthodontic separator placement (without local anaesthetic)

Preoperative ibuprofen may leads to lower postoperative pain (continuous measure: self report using visual… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative ibuprofen vs placebo

Adverse events · Children and adolescents having orthodontic separator placement (without local anaesthetic)
1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative paracetamol (acetaminophen) vs placebo

Postoperative pain (dichotomous measure: parent report of presence of pain-related behaviours) · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic (restorative and extraction treatments)

Preoperative paracetamol (acetaminophen) showed no clear difference in postoperative pain (dichotomous measure: parent report of presence… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review