What do systematic reviews say?

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 2 weeks
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available (no included studies)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

• Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Measured in only 1 study (834 participants), which reported no serious events and 64 non-serious events, the most common of which were oral cavity disturbances (not defined) and dental staining.
  1 study · 834 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any preprocedural mouth rinse vs Placebo, no rinsing or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare… 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No included study assessed acceptability or feasibility.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthrinse

When usual mechanical plaque control continued, Salvadora persica and chlorhexidine did not differ significantly for plaque; not GRADE-rated.

• The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… 2019 All outcomes

  Post-intervention · In vivo clinical trial (human oral cavity) · Did not refrain from mechanical plaque control
  MD 0.17 [-0.08, 0.42]
  11 studies · 594 participants
  GRADE not reported
• The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… 2019 All outcomes

  Post-intervention · In vivo clinical trial (human oral cavity) · Duration of mouthwash use: >=3 weeks
  MD 0.24 [-0.11, 0.60]
  7 studies · 420 participants
  GRADE not reported
• The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… 2019 All outcomes

  Post-intervention · In vivo clinical trial (human oral cavity)
  MD 0.19 [0.01, 0.37]
  18 studies · 902 participants
  GRADE not reported

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthrinse

Salvadora persica was less effective than 0.2% chlorhexidine at reducing plaque (favours chlorhexidine); not GRADE-rated.

• The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… 2019 All outcomes

  Post-intervention · In vivo clinical trial (human oral cavity) · Chlorhexidine concentration: 0.2%
  MD 0.12 [0.03, 0.21]
  12 studies · 566 participants
  GRADE not reported

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Placebo rinse

Salvadora persica rinse reduced plaque more than placebo (favours Salvadora persica); certainty not GRADE-rated (Shekelle grade Ia).

• The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of… 2019 All outcomes

  Post-intervention · In vivo clinical trial (human oral cavity)
  MD -0.59 [-0.82, -0.35]
  12 studies · 452 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs standard local care

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… showed no clear difference in number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring… compared with standard care (usual local haemostatic measures: gelatin sponge and… (moderate certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or… 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 days
  RD 0.02 [-0.07, 0.11]
  2 studies · 125 participants
  Moderate

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo mouthwash

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… led to lower number of immediate and delayed postoperative bleeding episodes… compared with placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash); GRADE not reported.

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or… 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Immediate (<24 h) and delayed (24 h to 10 days); bleeds occurred 1, 3 or 5 days postoperatively
  RD -0.22 [-0.35, -0.10]
  1 study · 89 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo mouthwash

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… probably leads to lower number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring… compared with placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) (moderate certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or… 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 days
  RD -0.25 [-0.36, -0.14]
  2 studies · 128 participants
  Moderate

Single full-coverage metal-ceramic crown over composite core and post vs Direct adhesive composite restoration with post (conventional filling, no crown)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root‐filled teeth 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data were reported nor measured by the study. The abstract confirms no evidence was available for any secondary outcome.
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-compliance rate was not reported in the studies of this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Resin composite restorations containing antibacterial agents vs Non-antibacterial containing composite restorations

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibacterial agents in composite restorations for the prevention of dental caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies were included in this review, as we were unable to find any trials directly comparing antibacterial containing composites to other active interventions or controls.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-compliance rate not reported ("The remaining secondary outcomes and adverse effects were not reported by these studies").
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-compliance rate not reported ("The remaining secondary outcomes and adverse effects were not reported by these studies").
  0 studies
  No studies found

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

• Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  To 6 months
  Baysan 2003 stated that no adverse events were reported to 6 months; no information was provided by Abu-Naba'a 2003 or Abu-Naba'a 2003pilot.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

• Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Abu-Naba'a 2003 reported participants' state of anxiety, comparing ozone treatment with traditional dental interventions (injection, drilling, filling); because no participant was randomised between ozone and drilling…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Data were not provided by any study on the number of lesions requiring restorations to 6 months or later; no data on any further conventional treatment or other dental interventions.
  Studies not reported
  No studies found