What do systematic reviews say?

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

• Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 685 participants
  Moderate

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection changes clinical pregnancy rate compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.4, 2.13]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection changes multiple pregnancy rate compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.22, 4.92]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham

It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 24 months** compared with sham (very low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.12 [0.48, 34.99]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg showed no clear difference in cataract progression ‐ 24 months compared with sham (low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.97, 9.3]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham

It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 24 months compared with sham (very low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 21.6 [1.32, 354.7]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser

It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) compared with macular laser (very low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.02
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg showed no clear difference in gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 12 months compared with macular laser (low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.55, 1.3]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser

It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes change in retinal thickness (micron) (negative is better) compared with macular laser (very low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 5
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg probably leads to higher cataract progression ‐ 9 to 24 months compared with macular laser (moderate certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.68 [2.21, 3.24]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg probably leads to higher use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 9 to 24 months compared with macular laser (moderate certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.92 [2.59, 5.96]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg showed no clear difference in surgery for glaucoma ‐ 9 to 24 months compared with macular laser (low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 11.68 [0.63, 216]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF

It is very uncertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg changes change in central retinal thickness (micron) ‐ 12 months (negative… compared with antiVEGF (very low certainty).

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF

• Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low