Nipple pain Nipple trauma: midwife assessed based on scale of 1‐3 with: 1 = better/resolved, 2 = no change, and 3 = worse · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
Lanolin showed no clear difference in nipple pain Women's reports of 'absence of irritation' compared with expressed breast milk (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]
1 study · 152 participants
Low
RR 1.56 [1.05, 2.32]
1 study · 152 participants
Low
RR 1.58 [0.27, 9.2]
1 study · 152 participants
Low
Nipple pain Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire scale 0‐45 · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
2 findings from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
1 finding from 1 review
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
Lanolin showed no clear difference in nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale compared with no intervention (control group) (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.04]
1 study · 147 participants
Low
RR 1.3 [0.63, 2.66]
2 studies · 312 participants
Low
RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.14]
2 studies · 297 participants
Low
Nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale · breastfeeding women with sore nipples
Expressed breast milk showed no clear difference in nipple pain 5‐point verbal descriptor scale compared with no intervention (control group) (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.96 [0.9, 1.03]
1 study · 151 participants
Low
RR 1.17 [0.71, 1.92]
1 study · 151 participants
Low
RR 0.62 [0.11, 3.63]
1 study · 151 participants
Low
Pain (PIPP) · neonates
1 finding from 1 review
COMFORTneo scores after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 6 to 30e · neonates
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
Probiotics may leads to lower incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of women with adverse effects · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
Antibiotics showed no clear difference in incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum ‐ Antibiotics… compared with topical treatments (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found