Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
It is very uncertain whether used less than half of the brush of fluoride toothpaste changes fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) compared with used half or more of the brush (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in height-for-age z score · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
The association between baseline caries and declining height-for-age persisted after adjustment (coefficient -0.02); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Stunting · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
One Nepalese cross-sectional study found caries severity significantly correlated with chronic malnutrition/stunting (HAZ; p<0.0001), especially in rural children; ungraded, no effect size reported.
3 findings from 1 review
Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain intensity at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Kaposi's sarcoma (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children or adolescents
No eligible studies reported Kaposi's sarcoma.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental development / dental age (mineralization chronology) · Children or adolescents
No significant overall difference in dental development between CLWH on ART and healthy controls (three studies, narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Recurrent oral ulcerations (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
CLWH on ART had significantly higher prevalence of recurrent oral ulcerations than healthy controls (pooled OR 6.83, 95% CI 1.18 to 39.53).
1 finding from 1 review
Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents
No eligible studies reported acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis.
1 finding from 1 review
Chronic herpes simplex infection (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children or adolescents
No eligible studies reported chronic herpes simplex infection.
1 finding from 1 review
Persistent parotid enlargement (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
No significant difference in persistent parotid enlargement between groups (OR 10.36, 95% CI 0.53 to 201.45; single study, very imprecise).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
Compomer had an annual failure rate of 0-14.7% (7 RCTs), comparable to amalgam/RMGIC/composite and better than high-viscosity GIC; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral hairy leukoplakia (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents
No difference in oral hairy leukoplakia between groups (pooled OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.06 to 16.19); lesion essentially absent in both.
1 finding from 1 review
Angular cheilitis (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
No significant difference in angular cheilitis prevalence between CLWH and healthy controls (pooled OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.16 to 23.65).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral candidiasis (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents
CLWH on ART had markedly higher prevalence of oral candidiasis than healthy controls (pooled OR 16.94, 95% CI 5.06 to 56.70).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Linear gingival erythema (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
No difference in linear gingival erythema between groups (pooled OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.06 to 16.19); the lesion was essentially absent in both groups.
1 finding from 1 review