Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Laxative vs placebo

Quality of life · women in the postpartum period

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Laxative vs placebo

Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 1 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to higher time to first bowel movement (BM) (№ women with 1st BM less than 24… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.9 [2.24, 3.75]
1 study · 471 participants
Low
Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22]
1 study · 471 participants
Very low

Laxative vs placebo

Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to lower time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.11, 0.45]
1 study · 471 participants
Low
Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.05 [0, 0.89]
1 study · 471 participants
Low
Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.03, 1.87]
1 study · 471 participants
Very low

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to higher adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.23 [1.75, 10.19]
1 study · 471 participants
Low

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Perinatal loss: all ‐ including miscarriages and stillbirth (Note: data not available for neonatal death)

It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes perinatal loss: all ‐ including miscarriages and stillbirth (Note:… compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) in combination with other treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in singleton… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.46 [0.13, 1.64]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Baby discharged home healthy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) in combination with other treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in singleton… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Death of the baby before discharge: neonatal death

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) in combination with other treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in singleton… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Stillbirth (death after 24 weeks inutero)

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical stitch (cerclage) in combination with other treatments for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in singleton… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Oxytocin vs no uterotonics or placebo

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women in the third stage of labour

Oxytocin may leads to lower blood loss 500 mL or more after delivery compared with no uterotonics or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.37, 0.72]
6 studies · 4162 participants
Low

Oxytocin vs ergot alkaloids

Maternal mortality ‐ not reported · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin vs ergot alkaloids

Severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) · women in the third stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether oxytocin changes blood loss 1000 mL or more after delivery compared with ergot alkaloids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.63, 2.01]
3 studies · 1577 participants
Very low

Oxytocin vs ergot alkaloids

Blood transfusion · women in the third stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether oxytocin changes blood transfusion compared with ergot alkaloids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [0.34, 5.51]
7 studies · 1578 participants
Very low

Oxytocin vs ergot alkaloids

Third stage > 30 minutes · women in the third stage of labour

Oxytocin probably leads to higher third stage > 30 minutes compared with ergot alkaloids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.69 [1.63, 13.45]
2 studies · 450 participants
Moderate

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women in the third stage of labour

Oxytocin + ergometrine may leads to lower blood loss 500 mL or more after delivery compared with ergot alkaloids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.2, 0.94]
3 studies · 1168 participants
Low

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Need for additional uterotonics · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Maternal mortality ‐ not reported · women in the third stage of labour

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 807 participants
Moderate

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Blood transfusion · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin vs no uterotonics or placebo

Need for additional uterotonics · women in the third stage of labour

Oxytocin probably leads to lower need for additional uterotonics compared with no uterotonics or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.36, 0.8]
4 studies · 3135 participants
Moderate

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Third stage > 30 minutes · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found