Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,783 questions · 10,022 findings · 882 reviews

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No studies found 2,100 · 21%GRADE not reported 1,013 · 10.1%Very low 2,237 · 22.3%Low 2,514 · 25.1%Moderate 1,709 · 17.1%High 449 · 4.5%

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Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [0.81, 2.25]
1 study · 57 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs placebo

Short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or… changes short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.79, 1.71]
1 study · 99 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs placebo

Incidence of serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs placebo

Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs placebo

Long‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (greater than 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs hair growth stimulants (minoxidil)

Short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.79, 1.71]
1 study · 99 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs hair growth stimulants (minoxidil)

Incidence of serious adverse events ‐ not reported · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs hair growth stimulants (minoxidil)

Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs hair growth stimulants (minoxidil)

Long‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (greater than 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Presence of dry socket · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… may leads to lower dry socket compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
1st to 7th day
RR 0.66 [0.45, 0.97]
13 studies · 1882 participants
Low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Infectious complications · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… may leads to lower postsurgical infectious complications compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
1st to 14th day
RR 0.34 [0.19, 0.64]
12 studies · 1728 participants
Low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Swelling (7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes swelling (7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
7th day
RR 0.80 [0.50, 1.27]
4 studies · 452 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes pain (continuous, VAS 0-10 cm, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
MD -0.26 [-0.59, 0.07]
4 studies · 422 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Pain (dichotomous, present/absent on 6th-7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes presence of pain (dichotomous, yes/no on 6th-7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
RR 0.59 [0.31, 1.12]
3 studies · 675 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Adverse effects · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
1st to 7th day
RR 1.46 [0.81, 2.64]
8 studies · 1277 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes trismus (dichotomous, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
7th day
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
3 studies · 199 participants
Very low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs Placebo

Outcome not reported · Immunosuppressed / immunocompromised patients (e.g. HIV infection, AIDS, diabetes, transplants) undergoing tooth extraction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies: none of the 23 included trials evaluated tooth extraction in immunocompromised patients; subgroup analysis based on immune status was not possible as no such studies were identified.
0 studies
No studies found