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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,805 questions · 2,912 findings · 307 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 706 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 133 · 4.6%Very low 786 · 27%Low 696 · 23.9%Moderate 474 · 16.3%High 117 · 4%

Probiotics vs placebo

Proportion of children with AOM: children not prone to AOM · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic probably leads to lower proportion of children with AOM: children not prone to AOM compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Proportion of children with AOM: children prone to AOM · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic showed no clear difference in proportion of children with AOM: children prone to AOM compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Difference in proportion of children with other infections · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic probably leads to lower difference in proportion of children with other infections compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control

Cases of typhoid fever, Year 1 · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) probably leads to lower cases of typhoid fever, Year 1 compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to lower incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Incidence of typhoid fever – year 2 · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to lower incidence of typhoid fever – year 2 compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Fever · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to higher fever after Vi‐rEPA (dose1) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Fever after Vi‐rEPA (dose2) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to higher fever after Vi‐rEPA (dose2) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Erythema · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) showed no clear difference in erythema after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) vs control

Swelling at injection site after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi‐rEPA vaccine (2 doses) probably leads to higher swelling at injection site after Vi‐rEPA (dose 2) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) vs control

Cases of typhoid fever, Year 3 · adults and children aged 5 years of age and older

Ty21a vaccine (three doses) probably leads to lower cases of typhoid fever, Year 3 compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) vs control

Incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 Blood culture · adults and children of 2 years of age and older

Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 dose) leads to lower incidence of typhoid fever – year 1 Blood culture compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review