Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,805 questions · 2,912 findings · 307 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 706 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 133 · 4.6%Very low 786 · 27%Low 696 · 23.9%Moderate 474 · 16.3%High 117 · 4%

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Patient involvement in decision‐making · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Health‐related quality of life · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Ethical competency · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proactive ethics consultation vs usual care

Satisfaction with care · adult participants

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
478 participants
Very low

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Decisional conflict · adult participants

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
62 participants
Very low

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Moral distress · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Request‐based ethics consultation vs usual care

Patient involvement in decision‐making · adult participants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ethical case interventions for adult patients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Pain · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 116 participants
Moderate

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Vomiting · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in vomiting up to 48 hours after surgery compared with systemic analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.58, 1.3]
6 studies · 215 participants
Low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Return of gastrointestinal function · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes return of gastrointestinal function compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.63 [1.08, 2.47]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Time to first mobilisation · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Length of hospital stay · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Satisfaction with postoperative analgesia regimen · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Complications · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes complications compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 126 participants
Very low

Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention

Effect on later sexual function · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had risk‐reducing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention

Sexual self‐efficacy scale · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had risk‐reducing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention

Sexual knowledge · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had risk‐reducing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Very low

Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention

Participant satisfaction · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had risk‐reducing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

Psychosocial intervention to improve sexual health vs no intervention

Quality of life · adult women, 18 years of age or older, who tested positive for a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and who had had risk‐reducing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve psychosocial well‐being in female BRCA‐mutation carriers following risk‐reducing surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Probiotics vs placebo

Proportion of children with AOM (overall) · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic probably leads to lower proportion of children with AOM (overall) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.63, 0.93]
16 studies · 2961 participants
Moderate