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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,256 questions · 2,339 findings · 262 reviews

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No studies found 555 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 398 · 17%Very low 572 · 24.5%Low 476 · 20.4%Moderate 240 · 10.3%High 98 · 4.2%

Combined spinal‐epidural vs high‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general anaesthetic as a result of failure to establish adequate initial blockade · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general… compared with high‐dose spinal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs high‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at any time after CSE or spinal anaesthetic insertion · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether combined spinal‐epidural changes number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at… compared with high‐dose spinal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs low‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general anaesthetic as a result of failure to establish adequate initial blockade · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring a repeat regional block or a general… compared with low‐dose spinal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined spinal‐epidural vs low‐dose spinal

Number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at any time after CSE or spinal anaesthetic insertion · women undergoing caesarean section

Combined spinal‐epidural showed no clear difference in number of women requiring supplemental intra‐operative analgesia at… compared with low‐dose spinal (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemical cured composite vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

Decalcification · Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances attached to their teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    To end of appliance treatment
    It was surprising that decalcification rates were not reported as a secondary outcome, as clinically it is suggested that GIC is protective against decalcification; the…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chemical cured composite vs Light cured composite

Bracket (bond) failure · Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances attached to their teeth
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    To end of appliance treatment
    Additional Table 1 summarises the proportion of bracket failures for a CC and LC composite with two different bracket bases (O'Brien 1989). The paper reported the results of applying a Mantel-Haenszel Chi2 test which…
    1 study · 52 participants
    GRADE not reported

Composite (chemical or light cured) vs Resin-modified glass ionomer cement

Outcome not reported · Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances attached to their teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    To end of appliance treatment
    No included studies involved a comparison with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (a planned adhesive group). The authors recommended future randomised controlled trials involving resin-modified light cured glass…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chemical cured composite vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

Bracket (bond) failure · Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances attached to their teeth
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    To end of appliance treatment
    The one trial article for this adhesive comparison reported the results of paired t-tests comparing different sides of the mouth. No standard deviations were presented, so we were unable to reproduce the data. The…
    1 study · 60 participants
    GRADE not reported

Chemical cured composite vs Light-cured compomer (polyacid-modified composite resin)

Decalcification · Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances attached to their teeth
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    To end of appliance treatment
    However the paper reported that the compomer offered better protection against decalcification when compared by a sign test (P = 0.0075) (Millett 2000). No effect estimate or confidence interval was reported.
    1 study · 45 participants
    GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to... · women after caesarean section

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 55 months after iliac crest bone graft harvesting (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient inter... · people after iliac crest bone graft harvesting

The intervention showed no clear difference in persistent pain 3 to 55 months after iliac crest bone graft… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between ... · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · septal surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review