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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
729 questions in 45 reviews · Consumers and Communication
current versionsNo studies 188 · 25.8%Ungraded 93 · 12.8%Very low 155 · 21.3%Low 189 · 25.9%Moderate 90 · 12.3%High 14 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Clinical outcomes:distress, 6 weeks ATCS Plus versus usual care (via IVR) · cancer patients Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 250 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: medication adherence ATCS Plus versus usual care · cancer patients Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 119 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus various controls · cancer patients Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: glycated haemoglobin or blood glucose ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care at median · patients with diabetes mellitus Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1216 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: self‐monitoring of diabetic foot (various scales) ATCS Plus versus usual care at 12 months · patients with diabetes mellitus Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 498 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: self‐monitoring of blood glucose ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care, 6‐12 months · patients with diabetes mellitus Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: medication adherence or use ATCS Plus versus usual care, 6‐12 months · patients with diabetes mellitus Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 370 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: physical activity, 12 months Multimodal/complex interventiond versus usual care · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 700 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: physical activity, diet, weight monitoring ATCS Plus versus usual care, 6‐12 months · patients with diabetes mellitus Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1028 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care · patients with diabetes mellitus Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: cardiac mortality ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care or usual community care at median · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.21, 1.67] | 2 studies · 215 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: all‐cause mortality ATCS Plus versus usual care or usual community care at median · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.79, 1.28] | 3 studies · 2165 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: heart failure hospitalisation ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care or usual community care at median · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2329 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: all‐cause hospitalisation ATCS Plus versus usual care or usual community care · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2191 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: global health (well‐being) rating (7‐item questionnaire) ATCS Plus versus usual care 12 months · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 405 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: emergency room and other health service use outcomes ATCS Plus versus usual care or usual community care · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1786 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention ATCS Plus, IVR versus usual care · patients with heart failure Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1791 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: systolic blood pressure (automated sphygmomanometer or electronic pressure monitor) ATCS Plus or IVR versus usual care at median · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 65256 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: physical activity ATCS Plus versus IVR control · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 369 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: diastolic blood pressure (automated sphygmomanometer and electronic cuff) ATCS Plus, unidirectional versus usual care at median · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 65056 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: blood pressure control, 26 weeks Multimodal/complex interventionf versus usual care · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 166 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: Health statush, depressioni, 6 weeks ATCS Plus versus enhanced usual care (plus information) · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: medication use Multimodal/complexk, ATCS Plus versus usual care or enhanced usual care (plus information) · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 483 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: physical activity levels, 12 weeks IVR versus enhanced usual care · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 253 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional ATCS versus various controls · patients with hypertension Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: smoking abstinence Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus (various) controls or usual care at median · patients with tobacco dependence Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.98, 1.46] | 7 studies · 2915 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: medication use Multimodal/complex, ATCS Plus versus control (inactive IVR or self‐help booklet) · patients with tobacco dependence Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1127 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: support programme enrolment ATCS Plus versus control (inactive IVR) · patients with tobacco dependence Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 521 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus various controls · patients with tobacco dependence Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Behavioural outcome: physical activity IVR versus usual care, control or health education · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Clinical outcome: metabolic markers, 12 months Multimodal/complex interventiond versus usual care · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 302 participants | Low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Functional status** ADL and IADL (Lewin 2013) COPM (Tuntland 2015) Lower scores indicate greater independence · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 249 participants | Very low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Mortality*** · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 811 participants | Very low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Unplanned hospital admission** · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 750 participants | Very low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Quality of life** AAQ (Lewin 2013) COOP/Wonka (overall health; Tuntland 2015) Lower scores indicate improvement · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 249 participants | Very low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Level of emerging personal care needs (approved for higher level of care)*** · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 750 participants | Very low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Living arrangements (transferred to residential care) · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 750 participants | Very low |
Reablement vs usual home‐care Cost effectiveness*** Total aggregated costs for home‐ and healthcare (emergency department and unplanned hospital admissions) · adults aged ≥ 65 years Time‐limited home‐care reablement services for maintaining and improving the functional independence of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 750 participants | Very low |
Goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs no goal setting Health‐related quality of life or self‐reported emotional status · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 446 participants | Very low |
Structured goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs 'usual care' that involved some goal setting but where no structured approach was followed Body structure and body function · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 229 participants | Very low |
Structured goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs 'usual care' that involved some goal setting but where no structured approach was followed Engagement in rehabilitation · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Structured goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs 'usual care' that involved some goal setting but where no structured approach was followed Self‐efficacy · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs no goal setting Participation · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 254 participants | Very low |
Goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs no goal setting Activity · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs no goal setting Body structure and body function · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 235 participants | Very low |
Goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs no goal setting Engagement in rehabilitation (motivation, involvement and adherence) · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 369 participants | Very low |
Goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs no goal setting Self‐efficacy · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Structured goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs 'usual care' that involved some goal setting but where no structured approach was followed Health‐related quality of life or self‐reported emotional status · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 441 participants | Low |
Structured goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs 'usual care' that involved some goal setting but where no structured approach was followed Participation London Handicap Scale · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 201 participants | Very low |
Structured goal setting with or without strategies to enhance goal pursuit vs 'usual care' that involved some goal setting but where no structured approach was followed Activity · adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 277 participants | Low |