What do systematic reviews say?

Open thoracotomy vs thoracostomy drainage

• Surgical versus non‐surgical management for pleural empyema 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Moderate

Open thoracotomy vs thoracostomy drainage

Open thoracotomy probably leads to lower procedural complications compared with thoracostomy drainage (moderate certainty).

• Surgical versus non‐surgical management for pleural empyema 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.1 [0.02, 0.63]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower febrile neutropenia Rates of patients (moderate certainty).

• Primary prophylactic colony‐stimulating factors for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia in… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.27 [0.11, 0.7]
  6 studies · 2073 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe neutropenia (WHO grade IV) Rates of patients (moderate certainty).

• Primary prophylactic colony‐stimulating factors for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia in… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.17, 1.18]
  4 studies · 712 participants
  Moderate

Early open repair vs ultrasound surveillance

Early open repair leads to lower mortality ( compared with ultrasound surveillance (high certainty).

• Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99
  2 studies · 2226 participants
  High

Early open repair vs ultrasound surveillance

Early open repair showed no clear difference in costs (per participant) ( compared with ultrasound surveillance (moderate certainty).

• Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1090 participants
  Moderate

Early open repair vs ultrasound surveillance

• Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2226 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early open repair vs ultrasound surveillance

• Surgery for small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2226 participants
  GRADE not reported

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

Open surgical excision showed no clear difference in participant global assessment of success (People who perceived their… compared with eccentric exercises (low certainty).

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.27, 1.88]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgery for patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Thiopentone and ketamine vs benzodiazepines

It is very uncertain whether thiopentone and ketamine changes awareness Postoperative interview compared with benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam) (very low certainty).

• Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.17 [0.02, 0.25]
  4 studies · 291 participants
  Very low

Thiopentone and ketamine vs benzodiazepines

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Ganciclovir vs aciclovir

Ganciclovir may leads to higher leucopenia compared with aciclovir (low certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.28 [1.48, 7.25]
  6 studies · 955 participants
  Low

Valaciclovir vs ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Valaciclovir showed no clear difference in leucopenia compared with ganciclovir or valganciclovir (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.45, 1.24]
  2 studies · 188 participants
  Moderate

Antiviral prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Antiviral prophylaxis showed no clear difference in leucopenia compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.67, 1.59]
  4 studies · 1125 participants
  Moderate