Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 344 findings · 34 reviews · Gut

No studies found 31 · 9%GRADE not reported 6 · 1.7%Very low 101 · 29.4%Low 82 · 23.8%Moderate 86 · 25%High 38 · 11%

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

It is very uncertain whether non‐surgical changes long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (binary outcome) All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (binary): definitive chemoradiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy (no special data in trial of Zhang 2006) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review