Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,822 questions · 1,891 findings · 321 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 279 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 46 · 2.4%Very low 524 · 27.7%Low 571 · 30.2%Moderate 330 · 17.5%High 141 · 7.5%

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

Medication appropriateness · older people receiving polypharmacy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 947 participants
Very low

Exercise vs no treatment

Intensity of disease signs and symptoms1 · people with non‐ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency

It is very uncertain whether physical exercise changes intensity of disease signs and symptoms: VCSS Scale: 0 to 30 (lower… compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical exercise for the treatment of non‐ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 49 participants
Very low

Exercise vs no treatment

QoL · people with non‐ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency

It is very uncertain whether physical exercise changes quality of life VEINES‐QOL/SF‐36/CIVIQ‐20 (lower is better) compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical exercise for the treatment of non‐ulcerated chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.6
2 studies · 61 participants
Very low

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline (lower scores indicate better HRQoL) · stable COPD

Triple therapy leads to higher respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.35 [1.26, 1.45]
3 studies · 14070 participants
High

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Symptoms of dyspnoea · stable COPD

Triple therapy probably leads to higher symptom score TDI, ≥ 1‐unit increase (lower scores indicate worse… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.33 [1.13, 1.57]
1 study · 3044 participants
Moderate

Vaginal surgery with mesh vs non‐mesh repair

Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ) (lower score better function) · women with apical vaginal prolapse

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 180 participants
Moderate

Balneotherapy vs no treatment

Disease severity signs and symptoms score · people with chronic venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 671 participants
Moderate

Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise

Oedema · people with chronic venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Low

Balneotherapy vs no treatment

Health‐related quality of life –CIVIQ2 Scale: 20–100 · people with chronic venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 153 participants
Very low

Balneotherapy vs no treatment

Pain (VAS, scale 0–10, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 354 participants
Low

Balneotherapy vs no treatment

Oedema(leg circumference in cm, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 369 participants
Very low

Balneotherapy vs no treatment

Skin pigmentation changes · people with chronic venous insufficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

HEART RATE POST‐intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 903 participants
High

Intervention not reported

RESPIRATORY RATE DURING intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 750 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

RESPIRATOTY RATE POST‐intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 636 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HEART RATE DURING intervention (lower = favourable) · preterm infants and their parents

1 finding from 1 review

Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1014 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Grief in the relatives ICG (0 to 95; > 25 = presence of complicated grief) measured at 12 months TRIG (21 to 105; lower scores indicate higher levels of grief) measured at 3 and 9 months · relatives, patients, and healthcare professionals during resucitation

1 finding from 1 review

Family presence during resuscitation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 426 participants
Very low

Donepezil vs placebo

Repetitive and restricted behaviour (Sensory Motor subscale of RLRS; raw score means; lower = better) · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism

1 finding from 1 review

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Donepezil vs placebo

Irritability · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism

1 finding from 1 review

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

Donepezil vs placebo

Hyperactivity (Child Behaviour Checklist Attention problems Subscale; lower = better) · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism

1 finding from 1 review

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Very low