Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

328 questions · 328 findings · 22 reviews · Consumers and Communication

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No studies found 126 · 38.4%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.9%Very low 68 · 20.7%Low 92 · 28%Moderate 39 · 11.9%High 0 · 0%

Female migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention vs male migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention

Health service use – not measured · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs no health literacy intervention

Health service use – not measured · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Female migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention vs male migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention

Self‐efficacy ‐ not measured · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Female migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention vs male migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention

Adverse events ‐ not measured · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs no health literacy intervention

Adverse events ‐ not reported · migrants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Family‐centred care vs control

Harms · Indigenous children aged < 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Family‐centred interventions for Indigenous early childhood well‐being by primary healthcare services 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Evaluation of the communication: different constructs (perceptions of communication quality; patient‐centredness of communication; involvement preferences; doctor‐patient relationship measures) Timing: immediately post‐consultation to 18 weeks pos... · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion timing and length EMR review post‐death Timing: at time of family conference (intervention) in ICU; post‐death Â · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 484 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion occurrence EMR review post‐death; coding of consultations; self‐reported occurrence Timing: immediately, 1 or 2 weeks post‐consultation; after death · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 786 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse (unintended) outcomes Â · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Peer support vs usual care

Confidence and self‐efficacy · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 542 participants
Low

Peer support vs usual care

Perception of coping · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 293 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Quality of life Measures: ‐ Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) ‐ Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Scale (higher scores = better quality of life) Timing of · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 143 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Family functioning · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 272 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Perceived social support · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 191 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Confidence and skill at navigating medical services · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 304 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Adverse events · parents and carers of children with complex needs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1356 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 176 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Specific communication skills · pre‐registration medical students

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes specific communication skills (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 427 participants
Very low