Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

489 questions · 504 findings · 104 reviews

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No studies found 32 · 6.3%GRADE not reported 63 · 12.5%Very low 152 · 30.2%Low 133 · 26.4%Moderate 103 · 20.4%High 21 · 4.2%

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training may leads to higher participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.1, 1.7]
4 studies · 258 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Symptom‐ and condition‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 117 participants
Very low

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

FoF (immediate postintervention)a · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 2357 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Moderate

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption

Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 72 hours postobturation
RR 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]
12 studies · 1329 participants
Low

Occupational therapy vs usual care

6b. Immediate verbal memory span (postintervention) · adults with cognitive impairment after stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 357 participants
Very low

Occupational therapy vs usual care

6c. Immediate spatial memory span (postintervention) · adults with cognitive impairment after stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 292 participants
Low

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Participation (SDM‐specific‐reported outcomes, immediately after intervention) Combined Outcome Measure for Risk Communication and Treatment Decision‐making Effectiveness (COMRADE; Edwards 2003) measured immediately after decision‐making (Aoki 201... · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Shared decision‐making interventions for people with mental health conditions 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 534 participants
Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Quality of sleep · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 708 participants
Moderate

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Insomnia severity – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 63 participants
Very low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

SOL – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 457 participants
Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Total sleep time – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 611 participants
Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Sleep interruption – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 457 participants
Very low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Sleep efficiency · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 457 participants
Low

Summary of findings for cholinesterase inhibitors vs placebo

Quality of life immediately after the intervention · people with Parkinson's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 121 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for exercise plus education vs control

Quality of life immediately after the intervention · people with Parkinson's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 305 participants
Very low

Exercise vs control

Quality of life immediately after the intervention · people with Parkinson's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in Parkinson's disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 951 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Knowledge and understanding Variable scales: information (amount and type) needs/preferences; discordance between patient and physician survival and curability estimates Timing: immediately to 1 month post‐consultationÂ · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for interpersonal communication about end of life care between health practitioners and affected people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 552 participants
Low