Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,296 questions · 1,330 findings · 157 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 297 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 88 · 6.6%Very low 327 · 24.6%Low 317 · 23.8%Moderate 239 · 18%High 62 · 4.7%

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

Serious complications ‐ mastoid abscess measured at 12 weeks · people with CSOM; one study included patients of unknown age; one study included children with CSOM who had not responded to initial…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics changes serious complications ‐ mastoid abscess measured at 12 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · people (of any age) with CSOM

Systemic antibiotics showed no clear difference in resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether single dose of antibiotics changes abdominal surgical site infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether single dose of antibiotics changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review